Gardening in Indonesia: climate, frost dates and crops by region

None of the 16 cities of Indonesia on this page had frost in 2016–2025, so gardens there follow warmth and rain rather than frost dates. The warmest month averages 34.7 °C by day in Semarang and 24.7 °C in Malang.

Climate zones of Indonesia

By the days between the last spring frost and the first autumn frost.

Zone	Cities	Frost-free days	Last spring frost	First autumn frost
No frost in ten years	Medan, Manado, Batam, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Padang, Palembang, Makassar, Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Denpasar	—	—	—

How the regions of Indonesia differ

Splitting the cities in two — north (Medan, Manado, Batam and 5 more) and south (Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Bandung and 5 more): the north gets about 3,215 mm of rain a year and the south about 2,380 mm.

The gap between the warmest month’s days and the coldest month’s nights is widest in Bandung (11.4 °C) and smallest in Padang (3.8 °C): the smaller it is, the milder both winter and summer. Padang is the wettest of these cities with 4,485 mm a year, Semarang the driest with 1,890 mm.

Which crops suit which part of Indonesia

Cities without a spring frost: months that suit each crop

Months whose average day is not above the highest temperature on the plant card and whose average night is not below its lowest.

City	Tomato	Cucumber	Bell Pepper	Eggplant	Watermelon
Medan	none	all year	September–March	November–January	all year
Manado	none	all year	June, July and December–April	January, February	all year
Batam	none	all year	June–April	December, January	all year
Pekanbaru	none	all year	December–February	none	all year
Pontianak	none	all year	November–February	none	all year
Padang	none	all year	all year	August–January	all year
Palembang	none	all year	January, February	none	all year
Makassar	none	all year	June, July and December–April	December–February	all year
Bandar Lampung	none	all year	April–February	July	all year
Jakarta	none	all year	January, February	none	all year
Bandung	November–July	October–June	all year	none	October–June
Semarang	none	all year	January, February	none	all year
Surabaya	none	all year	February	none	all year
Yogyakarta	none	all year	all year	December–February	all year
Malang	all year	November–March	all year	none	November–March
Denpasar	none	all year	all year	June–September	all year

Cities of Indonesia: weather in numbers

City	Frost-free days	Warmest month, day	Coldest month, night	Rain a year	Driest month	Places to buy
Medan	no frost	July, 30.6 °C	February, 22.2 °C	4,144 mm	July	16
Manado	no frost	October, 30.7 °C	July, 24.1 °C	2,937 mm	November	18
Batam	no frost	May, 30.2 °C	January, 25.1 °C	2,522 mm	February	15
Pekanbaru	no frost	July, 31.1 °C	January, 22.9 °C	3,060 mm	July	21
Pontianak	no frost	May, 30.6 °C	February, 23.4 °C	3,370 mm	July	10
Padang	no frost	May, 29.4 °C	November, 25.6 °C	4,485 mm	February	15
Palembang	no frost	October, 31.9 °C	January, 23.5 °C	2,928 mm	July	16
Makassar	no frost	September, 32.6 °C	July, 22.3 °C	3,377 mm	August	18
Bandar Lampung	no frost	March, 30.1 °C	August, 23.9 °C	2,763 mm	August	9
Jakarta	no frost	September, 32.6 °C	July, 23.2 °C	2,393 mm	August	20
Bandung	no frost	September, 28.4 °C	July, 17 °C	2,367 mm	July	19
Semarang	no frost	September, 34.7 °C	July, 23.5 °C	1,890 mm	July	19
Surabaya	no frost	October, 32.7 °C	July, 23.7 °C	1,905 mm	August	17
Yogyakarta	no frost	September, 29.7 °C	July, 20.5 °C	3,055 mm	August	27
Malang	no frost	October, 24.7 °C	August, 16 °C	3,563 mm	August	17
Denpasar	no frost	November, 29.9 °C	August, 23.3 °C	2,024 mm	August	32

ERA5 2016–2025 via Open-Meteo, 25 km grid cell of each city; dates by the Greenly calendar and the plant cards.