Gardening in Panama: climate, frost dates and crops by region

None of the 4 cities of Panama on this page had frost in 2016–2025, so gardens there follow warmth and rain rather than frost dates. The warmest month averages 34.7 °C by day in Santiago de Veraguas and 28.9 °C in Colón.

Climate zones of Panama

By the days between the last spring frost and the first autumn frost.

Zone	Cities	Frost-free days	Last spring frost	First autumn frost
No frost in ten years	Colón, Panama City, David, Santiago de Veraguas	—	—	—

How the regions of Panama differ

The gap between the warmest month’s days and the coldest month’s nights is widest in Santiago de Veraguas (12.5 °C) and smallest in Colón (5.2 °C): the smaller it is, the milder both winter and summer. David is the wettest of these cities with 3,820 mm a year, Panama City the driest with 2,429 mm.

Which crops suit which part of Panama

Cities without a spring frost: months that suit each crop

Months whose average day is not above the highest temperature on the plant card and whose average night is not below its lowest.

City	Tomato	Cucumber	Bell Pepper	Eggplant	Watermelon
Colón	none	all year	all year	all year	all year
Panama City	none	all year	May–December	June and August–November	all year
David	none	all year	May–December	June–December	all year
Santiago de Veraguas	none	all year	June–December	June and September–November	all year

Cities of Panama: weather in numbers

City	Frost-free days	Warmest month, day	Coldest month, night	Rain a year	Driest month	Places to buy
Colón	no frost	May, 28.9 °C	November, 23.7 °C	2,744 mm	February	3
Panama City	no frost	March, 32 °C	January, 23.4 °C	2,429 mm	February	17
David	no frost	March, 33.5 °C	January, 21.7 °C	3,820 mm	February	25
Santiago de Veraguas	no frost	March, 34.7 °C	January, 22.2 °C	2,815 mm	March	39

ERA5 2016–2025 via Open-Meteo, 25 km grid cell of each city; dates by the Greenly calendar and the plant cards.