Japan: frost dates by city

The average last spring frost and first autumn frost in 15 cities of Japan, from ten years of weather. The last spring frost comes earliest in Kagoshima and latest in Sapporo.

City	Last spring frost	First autumn frost	Frost-free days	Soil at 10 °C	Tomato: planting out	Places to buy (OpenStreetMap)
Naha	none in ten years	none in ten years	—	already in the first week of January	—	15
Kagoshima	24 January	26 December	336 days	22 January	31 March – 5 September	17
Kitakyushu	17 February	none in ten years	—	10 March	from 14 April	4
Hamamatsu	24 February	18 December	297 days	4 March	5 April – 28 August	55
Fukuoka	25 February	21 December	299 days	11 March	7 April – 31 August	17
Niigata	8 March	20 December	287 days	3 April	5 May – 30 August	10
Osaka	14 March	17 December	278 days	15 March	15 April – 27 August	50
Tokyo	17 March	14 December	272 days	8 March	4 April – 24 August	93
Kumamoto	18 March	3 December	260 days	28 February	2 April – 13 August	10
Okayama	20 March	15 December	270 days	15 March	21 April – 25 August	35
Kyoto	22 March	7 December	260 days	25 March	21 April – 17 August	43
Nagoya	22 March	10 December	263 days	16 March	12 April – 20 August	16
Sendai	31 March	23 November	237 days	11 April	13 May – 3 August	9
Hiroshima	9 April	25 November	230 days	1 April	5 May – 5 August	9
Sapporo	9 May	17 October	161 days	20 May	30 June – 8 August	8

The last spring frost comes 105 days later in Sapporo (9 May) than in Kagoshima (24 January). The frost-free season lasts 161–336 days. The top 7 cm of soil reaches 10 °C first in Kagoshima (22 January) and last in Sapporo (20 May).

Gardening in Japan: climate zones and crops by region

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.