Greenly Garden

Last and first frost dates in Kagoshima

Japan

In Kagoshima the last spring frost usually comes around 24 January and the first autumn frost around 26 December, which leaves about 336 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 31 March to 5 September.

Last spring frostaround 24 January
First autumn frostaround 26 December
Frost-free days336 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Kagoshima?

The last frost in Kagoshima usually comes around 24 January: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 3 January, while corn waits until 6 March. The first autumn frost follows around 26 December, about 336 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha1 December – 17 September10 January – 27 October31 January – 27 October
Ageratumfrom 13 January—from 31 March
Arugula——sow 3 January – 21 November
Basil8 March – 24 October15 April – 1 December6 May – 1 December
Beet——sow 3 January – 27 October
Bell Pepper14 February – 7 July15 April – 5 September6 May – 5 September
Black-eyed Susanfrom 9 November—from 31 January
Bok Choy6 December – 4 November10 January – 9 December31 January – 9 December
Borage——sow 31 January – 1 November
Broad bean——sow 3 January – 17 September
Broccoli——sow 3 January – 10 September
Brussels Sprouts29 October – 8 August13 December – 22 September3 January – 22 September
Busy Lizziefrom 8 November—from 31 January
Cabbage——sow 3 January – 18 August
Calendula——sow from 3 January
Carrot——sow 3 January – 3 October
Cauliflower1 November – 10 September13 December – 22 October3 January – 22 October
Celeriac25 October – 8 July10 January – 23 September31 January – 23 September
Celery25 October – 18 July10 January – 3 October31 January – 3 October
Celosiafrom 2 Februaryfrom 19 Marchfrom 9 April
Chamomile——sow 3 January – 22 October
Chayote17 November – 1 July13 February – 27 September6 March – 27 September
Chickpea——sow 3 January – 7 September
Chicory18 November – 2 October—3 January – 27 October
Chili Pepper14 February – 13 August15 April – 12 October6 May – 12 October
China asterfrom 22 Februaryfrom 15 Aprilfrom 6 May
Chives——sow 3 January – 13 October
Cilantro——sow 3 January – 23 October
Corn——sow 6 March – 7 September
Corn poppy——sow from 3 January
Cosmosfrom 2 Februaryfrom 19 Marchfrom 9 April
Cucumber18 March – 13 September15 April – 11 October6 May – 11 October
Daikon——sow 3 January – 20 October
Delphiniumfrom 15 October—from 3 January
Dill——sow 3 January – 2 November
Edging lobeliafrom 8 November—from 31 January
Eggplant14 February – 7 July15 April – 5 September6 May – 5 September
Florence fennel26 November – 17 September10 January – 1 November31 January – 1 November
Foxglovefrom 27 September—from 3 January
Garden sorrel——sow 3 January – 21 October
Green Beans——sow 9 April – 15 September
Hollyhock——sow from 3 January
Hyssop——sow 3 January – 13 September
Kale——sow 3 January – 15 October
Kiwano6 February – 20 September10 March – 22 October31 March – 22 October
Kohlrabi——sow 3 January – 25 October
Leek4 October – 29 June13 December – 7 September3 January – 7 September
Lemon balm——sow 3 January – 17 October
Lettuce——sow 3 January – 30 October
Lisianthusfrom 17 Septemberfrom 13 Decemberfrom 3 January
Lovage——sow from 3 January
Luffa4 March – 15 July15 April – 26 August6 May – 26 August
Marigoldfrom 29 Novemberfrom 10 Januaryfrom 31 January
Marjoram14 February – 2 October—6 May – 1 December
Melon18 March – 31 August15 April – 28 September6 May – 28 September
Microgreens——sow 9 April – 12 December
Moringa4 March – 7 October28 April – 1 December19 May – 1 December
Moss rosefrom 15 November—from 31 January
Mustard greens——sow 3 January – 11 November
Napa cabbage8 December – 12 October10 January – 14 November31 January – 14 November
Nasturtiumfrom 3 Decemberfrom 10 Januaryfrom 31 January
Okra4 March – 25 September15 April – 6 November6 May – 6 November
Oregano14 October – 22 September13 December – 21 November3 January – 21 November
Pansyfrom 18 Octoberfrom 13 Decemberfrom 3 January
Parsley——sow 3 January – 11 October
Parsnip——sow 3 January – 30 August
Peanut9 March – 21 August15 April – 27 September6 May – 27 September
Peas——sow 3 January – 13 October
Petuniafrom 11 Februaryfrom 15 Aprilfrom 6 May
Physalis24 January – 18 August10 March – 2 October31 March – 2 October
Pumpkin4 March – 20 July15 April – 31 August6 May – 31 August
Purple coneflowerfrom 12 October—from 3 January
Radish——sow 3 January – 26 November
Sage25 October – 18 September13 December – 6 November3 January – 6 November
Scarlet sagefrom 17 January—from 31 March
Snapdragonfrom 9 Octoberfrom 13 Decemberfrom 3 January
Soybean——sow 6 May – 7 October
Spinach——sow 3 January – 1 November
Stevia20 January – 9 August10 March – 27 September31 March – 27 September
Stock——sow from 3 January
Sunflower——sow from 9 April
Sweet alyssum——sow from 3 January
Sweet Corn1 February – 2 October23 February – 24 October16 March – 24 October
Sweet peafrom 1 Novemberfrom 13 Decemberfrom 3 January
Sweet William——sow from 3 January
Swiss Chard——sow 3 January – 27 October
Thyme——sow 3 January – 7 September
Tomato17 January – 15 July10 March – 5 September31 March – 5 September
Turnip——sow 3 January – 29 October
Watercress——sow 3 January – 9 November
Watermelon18 March – 19 August15 April – 16 September6 May – 16 September
Zinniafrom 24 Marchfrom 28 Aprilfrom 19 May
Zucchini25 March – 18 September15 April – 9 October6 May – 9 October

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Kagoshima

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 2 days before the last spring frost and 15 °C 66 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °Calready in the first week of January—
10 °C22 January2 days earlier
15 °C31 March66 days later
18 °C6 May102 days later

Frost dates near Kagoshima

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Kitakyushu (17 February) and latest in Hiroshima (9 April).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Kumamoto134 km18 March3 December
Fukuoka222 km25 February21 December
Kitakyushu255 km17 February—
Hiroshima357 km9 April25 November
Busan421 km19 March22 November

What to grow at home in winter in Kagoshima

Frosts in Kagoshima usually come from about 26 December to about 24 January. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Kagoshima by month

Average weather in Kagoshima over 2016–2025: the warmest month is August. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: April–October (20.1–30.8 °C). Months that average 30 °C or more by day: August (30.8 °C). No month averages below 0 °C at night; the coldest nights, in January, average 5.1 °C. About 2616 mm of rain falls in a year, on 168 days; June is the wettest month (502 mm) and December the driest (76 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January11.65.18511
February12.65.813712
March16.3919814
April20.112.722413
May23.416.428514
June26.220.450220
July29.724.137421
August30.824.822818
September28.822.823616
October24.317.714611
November1912.21259
December13.16.6769

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 26 November
Crocusby 26 November
Daffodilby 26 November
Garlic26 November – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 26 November
Helleboreby 26 November
Hyacinthby 26 November
Lilyby 26 November
Ornamental onionby 26 November
Peonyby 26 November
Saffronby 26 November
Snowdropby 26 November
Tulipby 26 November
Wild garlicby 26 November

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).