Greenly Garden

Last and first frost dates in Kumamoto

Japan

In Kumamoto the last spring frost usually comes around 18 March and the first autumn frost around 3 December, which leaves about 260 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 2 April to 13 August.

Last spring frostaround 18 March
First autumn frostaround 3 December
Frost-free days260 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Kumamoto?

The last frost in Kumamoto usually comes around 18 March: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 25 February, while corn waits until 25 March. The first autumn frost follows around 3 December, about 260 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha23 January – 25 August4 March – 4 October25 March – 4 October
Ageratumfrom 15 January—from 2 April
Arugula——sow 25 February – 29 October
Basil4 March – 1 October11 April – 8 November2 May – 8 November
Beet——sow 25 February – 4 October
Bell Pepper10 February – 14 June11 April – 13 August2 May – 13 August
Black-eyed Susanfrom 1 January—from 25 March
Bok Choy28 January – 12 October4 March – 16 November25 March – 16 November
Borage——sow 25 March – 9 October
Broad bean——sow 25 February – 25 August
Broccoli——sow 25 February – 18 August
Brussels Sprouts21 December – 16 July4 February – 30 August25 February – 30 August
Busy Lizziefrom 31 December—from 25 March
Cabbage——sow 25 February – 26 July
Calendula——sow from 25 February
Carrot——sow 25 February – 10 September
Cauliflower24 December – 18 August4 February – 29 September25 February – 29 September
Celeriac17 December – 15 June4 March – 31 August25 March – 31 August
Celery17 December – 25 June4 March – 10 September25 March – 10 September
Celosiafrom 5 Februaryfrom 22 Marchfrom 12 April
Chamomile——sow 25 February – 29 September
Chayote6 December – 8 June4 March – 4 September25 March – 4 September
Chickpea——sow 25 February – 15 August
Chicory10 January – 9 September—25 February – 4 October
Chili Pepper10 February – 21 July11 April – 19 September2 May – 19 September
China asterfrom 18 Februaryfrom 11 Aprilfrom 2 May
Chives——sow 25 February – 20 September
Cilantro——sow 25 February – 30 September
Corn——sow 25 March – 15 August
Corn poppy——sow from 25 February
Cosmosfrom 5 Februaryfrom 22 Marchfrom 12 April
Cucumber14 March – 21 August11 April – 18 September2 May – 18 September
Daikon——sow 25 February – 27 September
Delphiniumfrom 7 December—from 25 February
Dill——sow 25 February – 10 October
Edging lobeliafrom 31 December—from 25 March
Eggplant10 February – 14 June11 April – 13 August2 May – 13 August
Florence fennel18 January – 25 August4 March – 9 October25 March – 9 October
Foxglovefrom 19 November—from 25 February
Garden sorrel——sow 25 February – 28 September
Green Beans——sow 12 April – 23 August
Hollyhock——sow from 25 February
Hyssop——sow 25 February – 21 August
Kale——sow 25 February – 22 September
Kiwano8 February – 28 August12 March – 29 September2 April – 29 September
Kohlrabi——sow 25 February – 2 October
Leek26 November – 6 June4 February – 15 August25 February – 15 August
Lemon balm——sow 25 February – 24 September
Lettuce——sow 25 February – 7 October
Lisianthusfrom 9 Novemberfrom 4 Februaryfrom 25 February
Lovage——sow from 25 February
Luffa28 February – 22 June11 April – 3 August2 May – 3 August
Marigoldfrom 21 Januaryfrom 4 Marchfrom 25 March
Marjoram10 February – 9 September—2 May – 8 November
Melon14 March – 8 August11 April – 5 September2 May – 5 September
Microgreens——sow 12 April – 19 November
Moringa1 March – 14 September25 April – 8 November16 May – 8 November
Moss rosefrom 7 January—from 25 March
Mustard greens——sow 25 February – 19 October
Napa cabbage30 January – 19 September4 March – 22 October25 March – 22 October
Nasturtiumfrom 25 Januaryfrom 4 Marchfrom 25 March
Okra28 February – 2 September11 April – 14 October2 May – 14 October
Oregano6 December – 30 August4 February – 29 October25 February – 29 October
Pansyfrom 10 Decemberfrom 4 Februaryfrom 25 February
Parsley——sow 25 February – 18 September
Parsnip——sow 25 February – 7 August
Peanut5 March – 29 July11 April – 4 September2 May – 4 September
Peas——sow 25 February – 20 September
Petuniafrom 7 Februaryfrom 11 Aprilfrom 2 May
Physalis26 January – 26 July12 March – 9 September2 April – 9 September
Pumpkin28 February – 27 June11 April – 8 August2 May – 8 August
Purple coneflowerfrom 4 December—from 25 February
Radish——sow 25 February – 3 November
Sage17 December – 26 August4 February – 14 October25 February – 14 October
Scarlet sagefrom 19 January—from 2 April
Snapdragonfrom 1 Decemberfrom 4 Februaryfrom 25 February
Soybean——sow 2 May – 14 September
Spinach——sow 25 February – 9 October
Stevia22 January – 17 July12 March – 4 September2 April – 4 September
Stock——sow from 25 February
Sunflower——sow from 12 April
Sweet alyssum——sow from 25 February
Sweet Corn12 February – 9 September6 March – 1 October27 March – 1 October
Sweet peafrom 24 Decemberfrom 4 Februaryfrom 25 February
Sweet William——sow from 25 February
Swiss Chard——sow 25 February – 4 October
Thyme——sow 25 February – 15 August
Tomato19 January – 22 June12 March – 13 August2 April – 13 August
Turnip——sow 25 February – 6 October
Watercress——sow 25 February – 17 October
Watermelon14 March – 27 July11 April – 24 August2 May – 24 August
Zinniafrom 21 Marchfrom 25 Aprilfrom 16 May
Zucchini21 March – 26 August11 April – 16 September2 May – 16 September

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Kumamoto

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 18 days before the last spring frost and 15 °C 15 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °Calready in the first week of January—
10 °C28 February18 days earlier
15 °C2 April15 days later
18 °C2 May45 days later

Frost dates near Kumamoto

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Kagoshima (24 January) and latest in Hiroshima (9 April).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Fukuoka92 km25 February21 December
Kitakyushu121 km17 February—
Kagoshima134 km24 January26 December
Hiroshima239 km9 April25 November
Busan305 km19 March22 November

Seeds, seedlings and markets in Kumamoto

Within 15 km of Kumamoto OpenStreetMap lists 3 garden centres, 5 markets and 2 farm shops (collected 28 October 2026). The nearest garden centre to the city centre is ガーデン館, 12 km away.

Places: © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.

What to grow at home in winter in Kumamoto

Frosts in Kumamoto usually come from about 3 December to about 18 March. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Kumamoto by month

Average weather in Kumamoto over 2016–2025: the warmest month is August. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: April–October (20.6–32.3 °C). Months that average 30 °C or more by day: July (30.8 °C) and August (32.3 °C). No month averages below 0 °C at night; the coldest nights, in January, average 1.4 °C. About 2322 mm of rain falls in a year, on 160 days; June is the wettest month (442 mm) and December the driest (70 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January10.81.47110
February11.92.211111
March16.36.216113
April20.610.416712
May24.314.625514
June27.219.344218
July30.823.438119
August32.323.825817
September29.421.120517
October24.414.811211
November18.58.3899
December12.42.9709

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 3 November
Crocusby 3 November
Daffodilby 3 November
Garlic3 November – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 3 November
Helleboreby 3 November
Hyacinthby 3 November
Lilyby 3 November
Ornamental onionby 3 November
Peonyby 3 November
Saffronby 3 November
Snowdropby 3 November
Tulipby 3 November
Wild garlicby 3 November

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).