GreenlyGardening in Azerbaijan: climate, frost dates and crops by region
We worked out the season of 7 cities of Azerbaijan from ten years of weather: the frost-free season lasts from 190 days in Shaki to 305 days in Baku. The last spring frost comes first in Sumgait (around 22 February) and last in Shaki (around 25 April).
Climate zones of Azerbaijan
By the days between the last spring frost and the first autumn frost.
How the regions of Azerbaijan differ
The gap between the warmest month’s days and the coldest month’s nights is widest in Yevlakh (36.7 °C) and smallest in Lankaran (27.4 °C): the smaller it is, the milder both winter and summer. Lankaran is the wettest of these cities with 1,053 mm a year, Sumgait the driest with 305 mm. The hottest summer days are in Yevlakh (35.9 °C on average in the warmest month), the coolest in Shaki (21.8 °C). In 3 of the 7 cities at least one month averages below 0 °C at night; the longest such winter is in Shaki (November–March).
Which crops suit which part of Azerbaijan
Season long enough: the days from planting to the first autumn frost cover the days to the first harvest on the plant card. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.
| Crop | Planting out or sowing | Season long enough | Tight or too short |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | 10 April (Mingachevir) – 3 September (Sumgait) | all 7 | — |
| Cucumber | 23 April (Mingachevir) – 9 October (Sumgait) | all 7 | — |
| Bell Pepper, Eggplant | 23 April (Mingachevir) – 3 September (Sumgait) | all 7 | — |
| Zucchini | 23 April (Mingachevir) – 7 October (Sumgait) | all 7 | — |
| Pumpkin | 23 April (Mingachevir) – 29 August (Sumgait) | all 7 | — |
| Watermelon | 23 April (Mingachevir) – 14 September (Sumgait) | all 7 | — |
| Peas | 1 February (Sumgait) – 11 October (Sumgait) | all 7 | — |
| Garlic, Tulip, Daffodil, Crocus, Hyacinth | Autumn planting: 2 October (Shaki) – end of December (Mingachevir) | — | — |
Cities of Azerbaijan: weather in numbers
| City | Frost-free days | Warmest month, day | Coldest month, night | Rain a year | Driest month | Places to buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shaki | 190 | August, 21.8 °C | January, -7 °C | 701 mm | December | — |
| Mingachevir | 302 | July, 34.7 °C | January, 0.5 °C | 344 mm | December | — |
| Ganja | 282 | July, 33.1 °C | January, -0.7 °C | 369 mm | December | 6 |
| Yevlakh | 288 | July, 35.9 °C | January, -0.8 °C | 375 mm | August | — |
| Sumgait | 305 | August, 31.5 °C | January, 2 °C | 305 mm | August | — |
| Baku | 305 | August, 31.5 °C | January, 2.1 °C | 305 mm | August | 40 |
| Lankaran | 290 | August, 28.2 °C | January, 0.8 °C | 1,053 mm | June | 1 |
ERA5 2016–2025 via Open-Meteo, 25 km grid cell of each city; dates by the Greenly calendar and the plant cards.
