GreenlyFrost dates and when to plant in Tuscany
Italy
In Tuscany the last spring frost comes between 22 January (Livorno) and 9 April (Pisa) — the median of 2016–2025 in 5 cities. The first autumn frost comes between 18 November (Pisa) and 27 November (Siena). The frost-free season lasts 223–256 days. Tomato: plant out into open ground 22 April – 7 August, earliest in Siena, latest in Florence.
Frost dates by city in Tuscany
| City | Last spring frost | First autumn frost | Frost-free days | Climate zone | Tomato: window |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Livorno | 22 January | none in ten years | — | Frost without a regular season | from 20 April |
| Siena | 16 March | 27 November | 256 | 210–269 frost-free days | 22 April – 7 August |
| Florence | 23 March | 27 November | 249 | 210–269 frost-free days | 3 May – 7 August |
| Arezzo | 6 April | 21 November | 229 | 210–269 frost-free days | 23 May – 1 August |
| Pisa | 9 April | 18 November | 223 | 210–269 frost-free days | 30 May – 29 July |
Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.
When to plant in Tuscany: windows by crop
The earliest start and the latest end among the cities here, each with its city; every city’s own window is on its page. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.
| Crop | Planting out or sowing |
|---|---|
| Tomato | 22 April (Siena) – 7 August (Florence) |
| Cucumber | 26 May (Siena) – 12 September (Florence) |
| Bell Pepper, Eggplant | 26 May (Siena) – 7 August (Florence) |
| Zucchini | 26 May (Siena) – 10 September (Florence) |
| Pumpkin | 26 May (Siena) – 2 August (Florence) |
| Watermelon | 26 May (Siena) – 18 August (Florence) |
| Peas | 23 February (Siena) – 14 September (Florence) |
| Garlic | Autumn planting: 19 October (Pisa) – end of December (Florence) |
| Tulip, Daffodil, Crocus, Hyacinth | Autumn planting: 19 October (Pisa) – end of December (Pisa) |
Weather by month in Tuscany
Across the 5 cities the warmest month is August (average days 26.7 … 32.4 °C) and the coldest January (average nights -1.8 … 6.2 °C). 2 of the 5 cities have months with nights below 0 °C on average; the longest such winter is in Pisa (December–February).
| Month | Day, °C | Night, °C | Rain, mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 6.9 … 11.9 °C | -1.8 … 6.2 °C | 78 |
| February | 9 … 13.3 °C | -0.5 … 6.8 °C | 83 |
| March | 11.3 … 15.2 °C | 0.8 … 7.9 °C | 88 |
| April | 14.6 … 18.9 °C | 3.6 … 10.2 °C | 76 |
| May | 17.7 … 22.5 °C | 7.9 … 13.9 °C | 100 |
| June | 23 … 29.1 °C | 12.5 … 18.4 °C | 53 |
| July | 25.9 … 32.5 °C | 14.9 … 20.9 °C | 31 |
| August | 26.7 … 32.4 °C | 15 … 21.4 °C | 52 |
| September | 21.9 … 26.5 °C | 11.3 … 18.3 °C | 111 |
| October | 17.1 … 21.5 °C | 7.6 … 14.7 °C | 107 |
| November | 11.3 … 16.3 °C | 2.9 … 10.5 °C | 140 |
| December | 7.8 … 13.2 °C | -0.7 … 7.2 °C | 110 |
Day and night: the lowest … highest monthly average among the cities; rain: the middle city (ERA5 via Open-Meteo).
