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Last and first frost dates in Pisa

Italy

In Pisa the last spring frost usually comes around 9 April and the first autumn frost around 18 November, which leaves about 223 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 30 May to 29 July.

Last spring frostaround 9 April
First autumn frostaround 18 November
Frost-free days223 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Pisa?

The last frost in Pisa usually comes around 9 April: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 19 March, while corn waits until 6 May. The first autumn frost follows around 18 November, about 223 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha18 February – 10 August30 March – 19 September20 April – 19 September
Ageratumfrom 14 March—from 30 May
Arugula——sow 19 March – 14 October
Basil18 April – 16 September26 May – 24 October16 June – 24 October
Beet——sow 19 March – 19 September
Bell Pepper27 March – 30 May26 May – 29 July16 June – 29 July
Black-eyed Susanfrom 27 January—from 20 April
Bok Choy23 February – 27 September30 March – 1 November20 April – 1 November
Borage——sow 16 April – 24 September
Broad bean——sow 19 March – 10 August
Broccoli——sow 19 March – 3 August
Brussels Sprouts12 January – 1 July26 February – 15 August19 March – 15 August
Busy Lizziefrom 22 January—from 16 April
Cabbage——sow 19 March – 11 July
Calendula——sow from 19 March
Carrot——sow 19 March – 26 August
Cauliflower15 January – 3 August26 February – 14 September19 March – 14 September
Celeriac12 January – 31 May30 March – 16 August20 April – 16 August
Celery12 January – 10 June30 March – 26 August20 April – 26 August
Celosiafrom 1 Aprilfrom 16 Mayfrom 6 June
Chamomile——sow 19 March – 14 September
Chayote17 January – 24 May15 April – 20 August6 May – 20 August
Chickpea——sow 19 March – 31 July
Chicory1 February – 25 August—19 March – 19 September
Chili Pepper27 March – 6 July26 May – 4 September16 June – 4 September
China asterfrom 4 Aprilfrom 26 Mayfrom 16 June
Chives——sow 19 March – 5 September
Cilantro——sow 19 March – 15 September
Corn——sow 6 May – 31 July
Corn poppy——sow from 19 March
Cosmosfrom 1 Aprilfrom 16 Mayfrom 6 June
Cucumber28 April – 6 August26 May – 3 September16 June – 3 September
Daikon——sow 19 March – 12 September
Delphiniumfrom 29 December—from 19 March
Dill——sow 19 March – 25 September
Edging lobeliafrom 26 January—from 20 April
Eggplant27 March – 30 May26 May – 29 July16 June – 29 July
Florence fennel13 February – 10 August30 March – 24 September20 April – 24 September
Foxglovefrom 11 December—from 19 March
Garden sorrel——sow 19 March – 13 September
Green Beans——sow 6 June – 8 August
Hollyhock——sow from 19 March
Hyssop——sow 19 March – 6 August
Kale——sow 19 March – 7 September
Kiwano7 April – 13 August9 May – 14 September30 May – 14 September
Kohlrabi——sow 19 March – 17 September
Leek18 December – 22 May26 February – 31 July19 March – 31 July
Lemon balm——sow 19 March – 9 September
Lettuce——sow 19 March – 22 September
Lisianthusfrom 1 Decemberfrom 26 Februaryfrom 19 March
Lovage——sow from 19 March
Luffa14 April – 7 June26 May – 19 July16 June – 19 July
Marigoldfrom 16 Februaryfrom 30 Marchfrom 20 April
Marjoram27 March – 25 August—16 June – 24 October
Melon28 April – 24 July26 May – 21 August16 June – 21 August
Microgreens——sow 6 June – 4 November
Moringa10 April – 30 August4 June – 24 October25 June – 24 October
Moss rosefrom 29 January—from 16 April
Mustard greens——sow 19 March – 4 October
Napa cabbage25 February – 4 September30 March – 7 October20 April – 7 October
Nasturtiumfrom 20 Februaryfrom 30 Marchfrom 20 April
Okra14 April – 18 August26 May – 29 September16 June – 29 September
Oregano28 December – 15 August26 February – 14 October19 March – 14 October
Pansyfrom 1 Januaryfrom 26 Februaryfrom 19 March
Parsley——sow 19 March – 3 September
Parsnip——sow 19 March – 23 July
Peanut19 April – 14 July26 May – 20 August16 June – 20 August
Peas——sow 19 March – 5 September
Petuniafrom 24 Marchfrom 26 Mayfrom 16 June
Physalis25 March – 11 July9 May – 25 August30 May – 25 August
Pumpkin14 April – 12 June26 May – 24 July16 June – 24 July
Purple coneflowerfrom 26 December—from 19 March
Radish——sow 19 March – 19 October
Sage8 January – 11 August26 February – 29 September19 March – 29 September
Scarlet sagefrom 18 March—from 30 May
Snapdragonfrom 23 Decemberfrom 26 Februaryfrom 19 March
Soybean——sow 16 June – 30 August
Spinach——sow 19 March – 24 September
Stevia21 March – 2 July9 May – 20 August30 May – 20 August
Stock——sow from 19 March
Sunflower——sow from 6 June
Sweet alyssum——sow from 19 March
Sweet Corn31 March – 25 August22 April – 16 September13 May – 16 September
Sweet peafrom 15 Januaryfrom 26 Februaryfrom 19 March
Sweet William——sow from 19 March
Swiss Chard——sow 19 March – 19 September
Thyme——sow 19 March – 31 July
Tomato18 March – 7 June9 May – 29 July30 May – 29 July
Turnip——sow 19 March – 21 September
Watercress——sow 19 March – 2 October
Watermelon28 April – 12 July26 May – 9 August16 June – 9 August
Zinniafrom 30 Aprilfrom 4 Junefrom 25 June
Zucchini5 May – 11 August26 May – 1 September16 June – 1 September

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Pisa

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 11 days after the last spring frost and 15 °C 51 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °C20 January79 days earlier
10 °C20 April11 days later
15 °C30 May51 days later
18 °C16 June68 days later

Frost dates near Pisa

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Livorno (22 January) and latest in Florence (23 March).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Livorno20 km22 January—
Florence69 km23 March27 November
Siena87 km16 March27 November
Modena113 km20 March30 November
Bologna115 km10 March29 November

Seeds, seedlings and markets in Pisa

Within 15 km of Pisa OpenStreetMap lists 12 garden centres, 9 farm-supply shops and 1 farm shop (collected 27 October 2026). The nearest garden centre to the city centre is Verderame, 2 km away.

Places: © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.

What to grow at home in winter in Pisa

Frosts in Pisa usually come from about 18 November to about 9 April. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Pisa by month

Average weather in Pisa over 2016–2025: the warmest month is August. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: June–September (21.9–26.7 °C). Nights average below 0 °C in January (-1.8 °C), February (-0.5 °C) and December (-0.7 °C). About 1337 mm of rain falls in a year, on 127 days; November is the wettest month (177 mm) and July the driest (31 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January6.9-1.810712
February9-0.510111
March11.30.810910
April14.63.610610
May17.77.911713
June2312.5658
July25.914.9315
August26.715707
September21.911.314311
October17.17.616912
November11.32.917714
December7.8-0.714214

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 19 October
Crocus19 October – end of December
Daffodil19 October – end of December
Garlic19 October – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 19 October
Helleboreby 19 October
Hyacinth19 October – end of December
Lilyby 19 October
Ornamental onionby 19 October
Peonyby 19 October
Saffronby 19 October
Snowdropby 19 October
Tulip19 October – end of December
Wild garlicby 19 October

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).