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Last and first frost dates in Modena

Italy

In Modena the last spring frost usually comes around 20 March and the first autumn frost around 30 November, which leaves about 255 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 19 April to 10 August.

Last spring frostaround 20 March
First autumn frostaround 30 November
Frost-free days255 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Modena?

The last frost in Modena usually comes around 20 March: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 27 February, while corn waits until 29 March. The first autumn frost follows around 30 November, about 255 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha25 January – 22 August6 March – 1 October27 March – 1 October
Ageratumfrom 1 February—from 19 April
Arugula——sow 27 February – 26 October
Basil16 March – 28 September23 April – 5 November14 May – 5 November
Beet——sow 27 February – 1 October
Bell Pepper22 February – 11 June23 April – 10 August14 May – 10 August
Black-eyed Susanfrom 3 January—from 27 March
Bok Choy30 January – 9 October6 March – 13 November27 March – 13 November
Borage——sow 27 March – 6 October
Broad bean——sow 27 February – 22 August
Broccoli——sow 27 February – 15 August
Brussels Sprouts23 December – 13 July6 February – 27 August27 February – 27 August
Busy Lizziefrom 2 January—from 27 March
Cabbage——sow 27 February – 23 July
Calendula——sow from 27 February
Carrot——sow 27 February – 7 September
Cauliflower26 December – 15 August6 February – 26 September27 February – 26 September
Celeriac19 December – 12 June6 March – 28 August27 March – 28 August
Celery19 December – 22 June6 March – 7 September27 March – 7 September
Celosiafrom 18 Februaryfrom 4 Aprilfrom 25 April
Chamomile——sow 27 February – 26 September
Chayote10 December – 5 June8 March – 1 September29 March – 1 September
Chickpea——sow 27 February – 12 August
Chicory12 January – 6 September—27 February – 1 October
Chili Pepper22 February – 18 July23 April – 16 September14 May – 16 September
China asterfrom 2 Marchfrom 23 Aprilfrom 14 May
Chives——sow 27 February – 17 September
Cilantro——sow 27 February – 27 September
Corn——sow 29 March – 12 August
Corn poppy——sow from 27 February
Cosmosfrom 18 Februaryfrom 4 Aprilfrom 25 April
Cucumber26 March – 18 August23 April – 15 September14 May – 15 September
Daikon——sow 27 February – 24 September
Delphiniumfrom 9 December—from 27 February
Dill——sow 27 February – 7 October
Edging lobeliafrom 2 January—from 27 March
Eggplant22 February – 11 June23 April – 10 August14 May – 10 August
Florence fennel20 January – 22 August6 March – 6 October27 March – 6 October
Foxglovefrom 21 November—from 27 February
Garden sorrel——sow 27 February – 25 September
Green Beans——sow 25 April – 20 August
Hollyhock——sow from 27 February
Hyssop——sow 27 February – 18 August
Kale——sow 27 February – 19 September
Kiwano25 February – 25 August29 March – 26 September19 April – 26 September
Kohlrabi——sow 27 February – 29 September
Leek28 November – 3 June6 February – 12 August27 February – 12 August
Lemon balm——sow 27 February – 21 September
Lettuce——sow 27 February – 4 October
Lisianthusfrom 11 Novemberfrom 6 Februaryfrom 27 February
Lovage——sow from 27 February
Luffa12 March – 19 June23 April – 31 July14 May – 31 July
Marigoldfrom 23 Januaryfrom 6 Marchfrom 27 March
Marjoram22 February – 6 September—14 May – 5 November
Melon26 March – 5 August23 April – 2 September14 May – 2 September
Microgreens——sow 25 April – 16 November
Moringa13 March – 11 September7 May – 5 November28 May – 5 November
Moss rosefrom 9 January—from 27 March
Mustard greens——sow 27 February – 16 October
Napa cabbage1 February – 16 September6 March – 19 October27 March – 19 October
Nasturtiumfrom 27 Januaryfrom 6 Marchfrom 27 March
Okra12 March – 30 August23 April – 11 October14 May – 11 October
Oregano8 December – 27 August6 February – 26 October27 February – 26 October
Pansyfrom 12 Decemberfrom 6 Februaryfrom 27 February
Parsley——sow 27 February – 15 September
Parsnip——sow 27 February – 4 August
Peanut17 March – 26 July23 April – 1 September14 May – 1 September
Peas——sow 27 February – 17 September
Petuniafrom 19 Februaryfrom 23 Aprilfrom 14 May
Physalis12 February – 23 July29 March – 6 September19 April – 6 September
Pumpkin12 March – 24 June23 April – 5 August14 May – 5 August
Purple coneflowerfrom 6 December—from 27 February
Radish——sow 27 February – 31 October
Sage19 December – 23 August6 February – 11 October27 February – 11 October
Scarlet sagefrom 5 February—from 19 April
Snapdragonfrom 3 Decemberfrom 6 Februaryfrom 27 February
Soybean——sow 14 May – 11 September
Spinach——sow 27 February – 6 October
Stevia8 February – 14 July29 March – 1 September19 April – 1 September
Stock——sow from 27 February
Sunflower——sow from 25 April
Sweet alyssum——sow from 27 February
Sweet Corn25 February – 6 September19 March – 28 September9 April – 28 September
Sweet peafrom 26 Decemberfrom 6 Februaryfrom 27 February
Sweet William——sow from 27 February
Swiss Chard——sow 27 February – 1 October
Thyme——sow 27 February – 12 August
Tomato5 February – 19 June29 March – 10 August19 April – 10 August
Turnip——sow 27 February – 3 October
Watercress——sow 27 February – 14 October
Watermelon26 March – 24 July23 April – 21 August14 May – 21 August
Zinniafrom 2 Aprilfrom 7 Mayfrom 28 May
Zucchini2 April – 23 August23 April – 13 September14 May – 13 September

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Modena

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 4 days before the last spring frost and 15 °C 30 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °C23 January56 days earlier
10 °C16 March4 days earlier
15 °C19 April30 days later
18 °C14 May55 days later

Frost dates near Modena

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Mantua (2 March) and latest in Ferrara (21 March).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Bologna37 km10 March29 November
Parma50 km18 March29 November
Mantua58 km2 March28 November
Ferrara58 km21 March28 November
Verona88 km16 March27 November

Seeds, seedlings and markets in Modena

Within 15 km of Modena OpenStreetMap lists 6 garden centres, 4 farm-supply shops, 6 plant nurseries, 5 markets and 9 farm shops (collected 20 October 2026). The nearest farm supply to the city centre is L’Agricola, 1 km away.

Places: © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.

What to grow at home in winter in Modena

Frosts in Modena usually come from about 30 November to about 20 March. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Modena by month

Average weather in Modena over 2016–2025: the warmest month is July. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: May–October (20.4–31.9 °C). Months that average 30 °C or more by day: July (31.9 °C) and August (31.5 °C). Nights average below 0 °C in January (-0.3 °C). About 774 mm of rain falls in a year, on 101 days; May is the wettest month (109 mm) and January the driest (38 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January7.8-0.3386
February11.61.8607
March15.34549
April19.37.7659
May2312.610914
June29.518497
July31.920.2477
August31.520598
September26.115.6748
October20.410.9768
November13.15.48310
December8.21.1608

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 31 October
Crocus31 October – end of December
Daffodil31 October – end of December
Garlic31 October – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 31 October
Helleboreby 31 October
Hyacinth31 October – end of December
Lilyby 31 October
Ornamental onionby 31 October
Peonyby 31 October
Saffronby 31 October
Snowdropby 31 October
Tulip31 October – end of December
Wild garlicby 31 October

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).