Greenly Garden

Last and first frost dates in Varna

Bulgaria

In Varna the last spring frost usually comes around 19 March and the first autumn frost around 4 December, which leaves about 260 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 5 May to 14 August.

Last spring frostaround 19 March
First autumn frostaround 4 December
Frost-free days260 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Varna?

The last frost in Varna usually comes around 19 March: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 26 February, while corn waits until 20 April. The first autumn frost follows around 4 December, about 260 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha31 January – 26 August12 March – 5 October2 April – 5 October
Ageratumfrom 17 February—from 5 May
Arugula——sow 26 February – 30 October
Basil27 March – 2 October4 May – 9 November25 May – 9 November
Beet——sow 26 February – 5 October
Bell Pepper5 March – 15 June4 May – 14 August25 May – 14 August
Black-eyed Susanfrom 9 January—from 2 April
Bok Choy5 February – 13 October12 March – 17 November2 April – 17 November
Borage——sow 26 March – 10 October
Broad bean——sow 26 February – 26 August
Broccoli——sow 26 February – 19 August
Brussels Sprouts22 December – 17 July5 February – 31 August26 February – 31 August
Busy Lizziefrom 1 January—from 26 March
Cabbage——sow 26 February – 27 July
Calendula——sow from 26 February
Carrot——sow 26 February – 11 September
Cauliflower25 December – 19 August5 February – 30 September26 February – 30 September
Celeriac25 December – 16 June12 March – 1 September2 April – 1 September
Celery25 December – 26 June12 March – 11 September2 April – 11 September
Celosiafrom 10 Marchfrom 24 Aprilfrom 15 May
Chamomile——sow 26 February – 30 September
Chayote1 January – 9 June30 March – 5 September20 April – 5 September
Chickpea——sow 26 February – 16 August
Chicory11 January – 10 September—26 February – 5 October
Chili Pepper5 March – 22 July4 May – 20 September25 May – 20 September
China asterfrom 13 Marchfrom 4 Mayfrom 25 May
Chives——sow 26 February – 21 September
Cilantro——sow 26 February – 1 October
Corn——sow 20 April – 16 August
Corn poppy——sow from 26 February
Cosmosfrom 10 Marchfrom 24 Aprilfrom 15 May
Cucumber6 April – 22 August4 May – 19 September25 May – 19 September
Daikon——sow 26 February – 28 September
Delphiniumfrom 8 December—from 26 February
Dill——sow 26 February – 11 October
Edging lobeliafrom 8 January—from 2 April
Eggplant5 March – 15 June4 May – 14 August25 May – 14 August
Florence fennel26 January – 26 August12 March – 10 October2 April – 10 October
Foxglovefrom 20 November—from 26 February
Garden sorrel——sow 26 February – 29 September
Green Beans——sow 15 May – 24 August
Hollyhock——sow from 26 February
Hyssop——sow 26 February – 22 August
Kale——sow 26 February – 23 September
Kiwano13 March – 29 August14 April – 30 September5 May – 30 September
Kohlrabi——sow 26 February – 3 October
Leek27 November – 7 June5 February – 16 August26 February – 16 August
Lemon balm——sow 26 February – 25 September
Lettuce——sow 26 February – 8 October
Lisianthusfrom 10 Novemberfrom 5 Februaryfrom 26 February
Lovage——sow from 26 February
Luffa23 March – 23 June4 May – 4 August25 May – 4 August
Marigoldfrom 29 Januaryfrom 12 Marchfrom 2 April
Marjoram5 March – 10 September—25 May – 9 November
Melon6 April – 9 August4 May – 6 September25 May – 6 September
Microgreens——sow 15 May – 20 November
Moringa21 March – 15 September15 May – 9 November5 June – 9 November
Moss rosefrom 8 January—from 26 March
Mustard greens——sow 26 February – 20 October
Napa cabbage7 February – 20 September12 March – 23 October2 April – 23 October
Nasturtiumfrom 2 Februaryfrom 12 Marchfrom 2 April
Okra23 March – 3 September4 May – 15 October25 May – 15 October
Oregano7 December – 31 August5 February – 30 October26 February – 30 October
Pansyfrom 11 Decemberfrom 5 Februaryfrom 26 February
Parsley——sow 26 February – 19 September
Parsnip——sow 26 February – 8 August
Peanut28 March – 30 July4 May – 5 September25 May – 5 September
Peas——sow 26 February – 21 September
Petuniafrom 2 Marchfrom 4 Mayfrom 25 May
Physalis28 February – 27 July14 April – 10 September5 May – 10 September
Pumpkin23 March – 28 June4 May – 9 August25 May – 9 August
Purple coneflowerfrom 5 December—from 26 February
Radish——sow 26 February – 4 November
Sage18 December – 27 August5 February – 15 October26 February – 15 October
Scarlet sagefrom 21 February—from 5 May
Snapdragonfrom 2 Decemberfrom 5 Februaryfrom 26 February
Soybean——sow 25 May – 15 September
Spinach——sow 26 February – 10 October
Stevia24 February – 18 July14 April – 5 September5 May – 5 September
Stock——sow from 26 February
Sunflower——sow from 15 May
Sweet alyssum——sow from 26 February
Sweet Corn17 March – 10 September8 April – 2 October29 April – 2 October
Sweet peafrom 25 Decemberfrom 5 Februaryfrom 26 February
Sweet William——sow from 26 February
Swiss Chard——sow 26 February – 5 October
Thyme——sow 26 February – 16 August
Tomato21 February – 23 June14 April – 14 August5 May – 14 August
Turnip——sow 26 February – 7 October
Watercress——sow 26 February – 18 October
Watermelon6 April – 28 July4 May – 25 August25 May – 25 August
Zinniafrom 10 Aprilfrom 15 Mayfrom 5 June
Zucchini13 April – 27 August4 May – 17 September25 May – 17 September

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Varna

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 14 days after the last spring frost and 15 °C 47 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °C8 January70 days earlier
10 °C2 April14 days later
15 °C5 May47 days later
18 °C25 May67 days later

Frost dates near Varna

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Burgas (10 March) and latest in Stara Zagora (8 April).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Burgas87 km10 March4 December
Ruse173 km29 March25 November
Bucharest198 km29 March19 November
Stara Zagora205 km8 April18 November
Izmail248 km22 March24 November

What to grow at home in winter in Varna

Frosts in Varna usually come from about 4 December to about 19 March. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Varna by month

Average weather in Varna over 2016–2025: the warmest month is August. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: June–September (23.9–28.2 °C). No month averages below 0 °C at night; the coldest nights, in January, average 0.2 °C. About 613 mm of rain falls in a year, on 98 days; June is the wettest month (79 mm) and August the driest (21 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January6.70.2588
February8.61.5377
March11.33.5429
April15.16.9509
May19.7127012
June2517.47911
July27.819.4396
August28.219.9215
September23.916365
October18.311587
November13.26.86610
December8.72.6579

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 4 November
Crocus4 November – end of December
Daffodil4 November – end of December
Garlic4 November – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 4 November
Helleboreby 4 November
Hyacinth4 November – end of December
Lilyby 4 November
Ornamental onionby 4 November
Peonyby 4 November
Saffronby 4 November
Snowdropby 4 November
Tulip4 November – end of December
Wild garlicby 4 November

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).