Greenly Garden

Last and first frost dates in Kassel

Germany

In Kassel the last spring frost usually comes around 20 April and the first autumn frost around 17 November, which leaves about 211 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 17 May to 28 July.

Last spring frostaround 20 April
First autumn frostaround 17 November
Frost-free days211 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Kassel?

The last frost in Kassel usually comes around 20 April: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 30 March, while corn waits until 2 May. The first autumn frost follows around 17 November, about 211 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha25 February – 9 August6 April – 18 September27 April – 18 September
Ageratumfrom 1 March—from 17 May
Arugula——sow 30 March – 13 October
Basil10 April – 15 September18 May – 23 October8 June – 23 October
Beet——sow 30 March – 18 September
Bell Pepper19 March – 29 May18 May – 28 July8 June – 28 July
Black-eyed Susanfrom 3 February—from 27 April
Bok Choy2 March – 26 September6 April – 31 October27 April – 31 October
Borage——sow 27 April – 23 September
Broad bean——sow 30 March – 9 August
Broccoli——sow 30 March – 2 August
Brussels Sprouts23 January – 30 June9 March – 14 August30 March – 14 August
Busy Lizziefrom 2 February—from 27 April
Cabbage——sow 30 March – 10 July
Calendula——sow from 30 March
Carrot——sow 30 March – 25 August
Cauliflower26 January – 2 August9 March – 13 September30 March – 13 September
Celeriac19 January – 30 May6 April – 15 August27 April – 15 August
Celery19 January – 9 June6 April – 25 August27 April – 25 August
Celosiafrom 23 Marchfrom 7 Mayfrom 28 May
Chamomile——sow 30 March – 13 September
Chayote13 January – 23 May11 April – 19 August2 May – 19 August
Chickpea——sow 30 March – 30 July
Chicory12 February – 24 August—30 March – 18 September
Chili Pepper19 March – 5 July18 May – 3 September8 June – 3 September
China asterfrom 27 Marchfrom 18 Mayfrom 8 June
Chives——sow 30 March – 4 September
Cilantro——sow 30 March – 14 September
Corn——sow 2 May – 30 July
Corn poppy——sow from 30 March
Cosmosfrom 23 Marchfrom 7 Mayfrom 28 May
Cucumber20 April – 5 August18 May – 2 September8 June – 2 September
Daikon——sow 30 March – 11 September
Delphiniumfrom 9 January—from 30 March
Dill——sow 30 March – 24 September
Edging lobeliafrom 2 February—from 27 April
Eggplant19 March – 29 May18 May – 28 July8 June – 28 July
Florence fennel20 February – 9 August6 April – 23 September27 April – 23 September
Foxglovefrom 22 December—from 30 March
Garden sorrel——sow 30 March – 12 September
Green Beans——sow 28 May – 7 August
Hollyhock——sow from 30 March
Hyssop——sow 30 March – 5 August
Kale——sow 30 March – 6 September
Kiwano25 March – 12 August26 April – 13 September17 May – 13 September
Kohlrabi——sow 30 March – 16 September
Leek29 December – 21 May9 March – 30 July30 March – 30 July
Lemon balm——sow 30 March – 8 September
Lettuce——sow 30 March – 21 September
Lisianthusfrom 12 Decemberfrom 9 Marchfrom 30 March
Lovage——sow from 30 March
Luffa6 April – 6 June18 May – 18 July8 June – 18 July
Marigoldfrom 23 Februaryfrom 6 Aprilfrom 27 April
Marjoram19 March – 24 August—8 June – 23 October
Melon20 April – 23 July18 May – 20 August8 June – 20 August
Microgreens——sow 28 May – 3 November
Moringa9 April – 29 August3 June – 23 October24 June – 23 October
Moss rosefrom 9 February—from 27 April
Mustard greens——sow 30 March – 3 October
Napa cabbage4 March – 3 September6 April – 6 October27 April – 6 October
Nasturtiumfrom 27 Februaryfrom 6 Aprilfrom 27 April
Okra6 April – 17 August18 May – 28 September8 June – 28 September
Oregano8 January – 14 August9 March – 13 October30 March – 13 October
Pansyfrom 12 Januaryfrom 9 Marchfrom 30 March
Parsley——sow 30 March – 2 September
Parsnip——sow 30 March – 22 July
Peanut11 April – 13 July18 May – 19 August8 June – 19 August
Peas——sow 30 March – 4 September
Petuniafrom 16 Marchfrom 18 Mayfrom 8 June
Physalis12 March – 10 July26 April – 24 August17 May – 24 August
Pumpkin6 April – 11 June18 May – 23 July8 June – 23 July
Purple coneflowerfrom 6 January—from 30 March
Radish——sow 30 March – 18 October
Sage19 January – 10 August9 March – 28 September30 March – 28 September
Scarlet sagefrom 5 March—from 17 May
Snapdragonfrom 3 Januaryfrom 9 Marchfrom 30 March
Soybean——sow 8 June – 29 August
Spinach——sow 30 March – 23 September
Stevia8 March – 1 July26 April – 19 August17 May – 19 August
Stock——sow from 30 March
Sunflower——sow from 28 May
Sweet alyssum——sow from 30 March
Sweet Corn23 March – 24 August14 April – 15 September5 May – 15 September
Sweet peafrom 26 Januaryfrom 9 Marchfrom 30 March
Sweet William——sow from 30 March
Swiss Chard——sow 30 March – 18 September
Thyme——sow 30 March – 30 July
Tomato5 March – 6 June26 April – 28 July17 May – 28 July
Turnip——sow 30 March – 20 September
Watercress——sow 30 March – 1 October
Watermelon20 April – 11 July18 May – 8 August8 June – 8 August
Zinniafrom 29 Aprilfrom 3 Junefrom 24 June
Zucchini27 April – 10 August18 May – 31 August8 June – 31 August

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Kassel

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 10 days before the last spring frost and 15 °C 27 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °C22 January88 days earlier
10 °C10 April10 days earlier
15 °C17 May27 days later
18 °C8 June49 days later

Frost dates near Kassel

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Hanover (9 April) and latest in Göttingen (27 April).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Göttingen38 km27 April17 November
Bielefeld103 km20 April18 November
Erfurt113 km23 April7 November
Hanover118 km9 April21 November
Hamm123 km20 April20 November

What to grow at home in winter in Kassel

Frosts in Kassel usually come from about 17 November to about 20 April. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Kassel by month

Average weather in Kassel over 2016–2025: the warmest month is August. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: June–September (20.4–24.3 °C). Nights average below 0 °C in January (-0.2 °C). About 770 mm of rain falls in a year, on 150 days; January is the wettest month (79 mm) and September the driest (51 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January4.6-0.27916
February6.90.56513
March10.21.85913
April14.14.55511
May18.28.76211
June2313.36612
July23.714.27713
August24.314.56211
September20.411.2519
October14.887114
November8.63.35513
December5.81.56814

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 18 October
Crocus18 October – end of December
Daffodil18 October – end of December
Garlic18 October – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 18 October
Helleboreby 18 October
Hyacinth18 October – end of December
Lilyby 18 October
Ornamental onionby 18 October
Peonyby 18 October
Saffronby 18 October
Snowdropby 18 October
Tulip18 October – end of December
Wild garlicby 18 October

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).