GreenlyMadrid: frost dates
Spain
In Madrid the last spring frost usually comes around 22 March and the first autumn frost around 27 November, which leaves about 250 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground around 26 April.
| Last spring frost | around 22 March |
|---|---|
| First autumn frost | around 27 November |
| Frost-free days | 250 days |
Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.
When to sow and plant
| Crop | Sow for seedlings | Plant out in a greenhouse | Open ground |
|---|---|---|---|
| Achocha | 27 January | 8 March | 29 March |
| Arugula | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Basil | 16 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Beet | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Bell Pepper | 8 February | 23 April | 14 May |
| Black-eyed Susan | 26 January | — | 29 March |
| Bok Choy | 1 February | 8 March | 29 March |
| Broad bean | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Broccoli | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Brussels Sprouts | 25 December | 8 February | 1 March |
| Cabbage | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Calendula | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Carrot | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Cauliflower | 28 December | 8 February | 1 March |
| Celeriac | 21 December | 8 March | 29 March |
| Celery | 21 December | 8 March | 29 March |
| Celosia | 24 February | 10 April | 1 May |
| Chamomile | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Chayote | 10 December | 8 March | 29 March |
| Chickpea | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Chili Pepper | 21 February | 6 May | 27 May |
| China aster | 2 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Chives | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Cilantro | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Corn | — | 8 March | sow 29 March |
| Cosmos | 24 February | 10 April | 1 May |
| Cucumber | 12 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Daikon | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Delphinium | 1 January | — | 1 March |
| Dill | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Eggplant | 12 February | 23 April | 14 May |
| Florence fennel | 22 January | 8 March | 29 March |
| Garden sorrel | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Green Beans | 30 January | 8 March | 29 March |
| Hyssop | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Kale | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Kiwano | 4 March | 5 April | 26 April |
| Kohlrabi | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Leek | 30 November | 8 February | 1 March |
| Lemon balm | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Lettuce | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Lisianthus | 13 November | 8 February | 1 March |
| Lovage | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Luffa | 12 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Marigold | 25 January | 8 March | 29 March |
| Melon | 2 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Microgreens | — | 10 April | sow 1 May |
| Moringa | 12 March | 6 May | 27 May |
| Mustard greens | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Napa cabbage | 3 February | 8 March | 29 March |
| Nasturtium | 29 January | 8 March | 29 March |
| Okra | 12 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Oregano | 10 December | 8 February | 1 March |
| Pansy | 14 December | 8 February | 1 March |
| Parsley | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Parsnip | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Peanut | 17 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Peas | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Petunia | 19 February | 23 April | 14 May |
| Physalis | 19 February | 5 April | 26 April |
| Pumpkin | 27 February | 5 April | 26 April |
| Purple coneflower | 29 December | — | 1 March |
| Radish | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Sage | 21 December | 8 February | 1 March |
| Snapdragon | 5 December | 8 February | 1 March |
| Spinach | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Stevia | 15 February | 5 April | 26 April |
| Stock | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Sunflower | — | 10 April | sow 1 May |
| Sweet Corn | — | 8 March | sow 29 March |
| Sweet pea | 28 December | 8 February | 1 March |
| Sweet William | — | — | sow 1 March |
| Swiss Chard | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Thyme | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Tomato | 7 February | 5 April | 26 April |
| Turnip | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Watercress | — | 8 February | sow 1 March |
| Watermelon | 22 March | 23 April | 14 May |
| Zinnia | 1 April | 6 May | 27 May |
| Zucchini | 4 March | 5 April | 26 April |
Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day.
Madrid: weather for the next 7 days
Forecast by Open-Meteo. Nights at or below 0 °C are marked as frost.
Weather in Madrid by month
Average weather in Madrid over 2016–2025: the warmest month is July, the wettest March.
| Month | Day, °C | Night, °C | Rain, mm | Rainy days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 10.2 | 0.7 | 42 | 7 |
| February | 13.2 | 2.1 | 29 | 5 |
| March | 14.9 | 4 | 78 | 11 |
| April | 18.3 | 6.6 | 70 | 10 |
| May | 23.1 | 10.3 | 41 | 7 |
| June | 28.8 | 15.4 | 23 | 5 |
| July | 33.3 | 18.6 | 7 | 1 |
| August | 33 | 18.8 | 14 | 1 |
| September | 26.6 | 14.1 | 55 | 6 |
| October | 21.4 | 10.3 | 70 | 9 |
| November | 13.9 | 5.1 | 55 | 9 |
| December | 10.9 | 2.4 | 47 | 7 |
Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).
Planted in autumn
| Crop | Plant around |
|---|---|
| Bearded Iris | 28 October |
| Crocus | 28 October |
| Daffodil | 28 October |
| Garlic | 28 October |
| Hyacinth | 28 October |
| Lily | 28 October |
| Peony | 28 October |
| Saffron | 28 October |
| Tulip | 28 October |
| Wild garlic | 28 October |
A month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter.