GreenlyToronto: frost dates
Canada
In Toronto the last spring frost usually comes around 26 April and the first autumn frost around 30 October, which leaves about 187 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground around 20 May.
| Last spring frost | around 26 April |
|---|---|
| First autumn frost | around 30 October |
| Frost-free days | 187 days |
Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.
When to sow and plant
| Crop | Sow for seedlings | Plant out in a greenhouse | Open ground |
|---|---|---|---|
| Achocha | 3 March | 12 April | 3 May |
| Arugula | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Basil | 31 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Beet | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Bell Pepper | 23 February | 8 May | 29 May |
| Black-eyed Susan | 2 March | — | 3 May |
| Bok Choy | 8 March | 12 April | 3 May |
| Broad bean | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Broccoli | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Brussels Sprouts | 29 January | 15 March | 5 April |
| Cabbage | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Calendula | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Carrot | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Cauliflower | 1 February | 15 March | 5 April |
| Celeriac | 25 January | 12 April | 3 May |
| Celery | 25 January | 12 April | 3 May |
| Celosia | 21 March | 5 May | 26 May |
| Chamomile | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Chayote | 26 January | 24 April | 15 May |
| Chickpea | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Chili Pepper | 10 March | 23 May | 13 June |
| China aster | 17 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Chives | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Cilantro | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Corn | — | 24 April | sow 15 May |
| Cosmos | 21 March | 5 May | 26 May |
| Cucumber | 27 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Daikon | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Delphinium | 5 February | — | 5 April |
| Dill | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Eggplant | 27 February | 8 May | 29 May |
| Florence fennel | 26 February | 12 April | 3 May |
| Garden sorrel | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Green Beans | 18 March | 24 April | 15 May |
| Hyssop | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Kale | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Kiwano | 28 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Kohlrabi | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Leek | 4 January | 15 March | 5 April |
| Lemon balm | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Lettuce | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Lisianthus | 18 December | 15 March | 5 April |
| Lovage | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Luffa | 27 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Marigold | 1 March | 12 April | 3 May |
| Melon | 17 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Microgreens | — | 5 May | sow 26 May |
| Moringa | 29 March | 23 May | 13 June |
| Mustard greens | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Napa cabbage | 10 March | 12 April | 3 May |
| Nasturtium | 5 March | 12 April | 3 May |
| Okra | 27 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Oregano | 14 January | 15 March | 5 April |
| Pansy | 18 January | 15 March | 5 April |
| Parsley | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Parsnip | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Peanut | 1 April | 8 May | 29 May |
| Peas | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Petunia | 6 March | 8 May | 29 May |
| Physalis | 15 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Pumpkin | 23 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Purple coneflower | 2 February | — | 5 April |
| Radish | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Sage | 25 January | 15 March | 5 April |
| Snapdragon | 9 January | 15 March | 5 April |
| Spinach | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Stevia | 11 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Stock | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Sunflower | — | 5 May | sow 26 May |
| Sweet Corn | — | 24 April | sow 15 May |
| Sweet pea | 1 February | 15 March | 5 April |
| Sweet William | — | — | sow 5 April |
| Swiss Chard | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Thyme | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Tomato | 3 March | 29 April | 20 May |
| Turnip | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Watercress | — | 15 March | sow 5 April |
| Watermelon | 6 April | 8 May | 29 May |
| Zinnia | 18 April | 23 May | 13 June |
| Zucchini | 28 March | 29 April | 20 May |
Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day.
Toronto: weather for the next 7 days
Forecast by Open-Meteo. Nights at or below 0 °C are marked as frost.
Weather in Toronto by month
Average weather in Toronto over 2016–2025: the warmest month is July, the wettest April.
| Month | Day, °C | Night, °C | Rain, mm | Rainy days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | -0.5 | -7.8 | 67 | 10 |
| February | 1.4 | -7.9 | 62 | 10 |
| March | 6 | -3.5 | 70 | 11 |
| April | 11.9 | 1.6 | 95 | 13 |
| May | 19.2 | 8.3 | 81 | 11 |
| June | 25 | 14.2 | 95 | 11 |
| July | 27.8 | 17.3 | 83 | 13 |
| August | 26.5 | 16.8 | 85 | 11 |
| September | 22.9 | 13.4 | 63 | 9 |
| October | 15.6 | 7.4 | 81 | 11 |
| November | 7.7 | 0.2 | 59 | 10 |
| December | 2.2 | -4.6 | 74 | 12 |
Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).
Planted in autumn
| Crop | Plant around |
|---|---|
| Bearded Iris | 30 September |
| Crocus | 30 September |
| Daffodil | 30 September |
| Garlic | 30 September |
| Hyacinth | 30 September |
| Lily | 30 September |
| Peony | 30 September |
| Saffron | 30 September |
| Tulip | 30 September |
| Wild garlic | 30 September |
A month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter.