GreenlyWhat to plant in July in Canada
Worked out for 29 cities from their own weather and frost dates, by zone.
What to sow and plant in July in Canada, by zone: frost-free, highs above 28 °C (Hamilton, Windsor and 1 more): zucchini, green beans, cucumber, melon, watermelon and 16 more; frost-free, highs of 22–28 °C (Toronto, Vancouver and 21 more): broad bean, peas, onion, cabbage, broccoli and 28 more; frost-free, highs of 16–22 °C (St. John's and Whitehorse): broad bean, peas, onion, spinach, lettuce and 19 more; frost-free, highs of 10–16 °C (Iqaluit): broad bean, peas, onion, spinach, radish and 11 more.
In Canada, July is summer.
Frost-free, highs above 28 °C: Hamilton, Windsor and Kelowna
In July, on average, these cities have highs of 28 to 30 °C and lows of 15 to 19 °C, 20 to 92 mm of rain on 4 to 12 days; the day lasts 14 h 59 min to 15 h 57 min (on the 15th).
No frost in July in 10 years of data: frost-tender crops can go in too, if it is warm enough for them.
| How | What | Where |
|---|---|---|
| sow direct | Zucchini, green beans, watermelon, pumpkin, sweet corn, basil, bok choy, borage, chayote, corn, Florence fennel, kiwano, luffa, moringa, Napa cabbage, okra, peanut, soybean | all |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Cucumber | all |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Melon, achocha | Hamilton and Windsor |
Compared with June: no longer sown — cabbage, tomato, bell pepper, eggplant, parsley, arugula, Brussels sprouts and chili pepper.
Not starting in July: tomato (March, started indoors), bell pepper (March, started indoors), lettuce (September, sown direct), peas (September, sown direct) and spinach (September, started indoors) — dates for Windsor.
Ready to harvest in July in Windsor, if sown in the right month: broad bean (April), peas (May), beet (May), parsley (May), cilantro (May), arugula (June), bok choy (May) and borage (May).
Frost-free, highs of 22–28 °C: Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Calgary and 19 more
In July, on average, these cities have highs of 22 to 28 °C and lows of 11 to 18 °C, 11 to 173 mm of rain on 2 to 16 days; the day lasts 15 h 04 min to 18 h 59 min (on the 15th).
No frost in July in 10 years of data: frost-tender crops can go in too, if it is warm enough for them.
| How | What | Where |
|---|---|---|
| sow direct | Broad bean, peas, cabbage, beet, parsley, cilantro, arugula, chamomile, chickpea, dill, mustard greens | Vancouver, Calgary, Ottawa and 16 more |
| plant sets | Onion, shallot | Vancouver, Calgary, Ottawa and 16 more |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Spinach | Yellowknife |
| sow direct or start indoors, plant out in August | Lettuce, Swiss chard, kale, kohlrabi | Edmonton, Sherbrooke, Saguenay and 3 more |
| sow direct | Carrot, parsnip | Edmonton, Thunder Bay, Charlottetown and 1 more |
| start indoors, plant out in September or sow direct | Broccoli | Vancouver, Ottawa, Edmonton and 10 more |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Cauliflower | Vancouver, Calgary, Ottawa and 13 more |
| sow direct | Zucchini, watermelon, pumpkin, basil, peanut, soybean | Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal and 18 more |
| sow direct | Green Beans, sweet corn, bok choy, borage, chayote, corn, Florence fennel, kiwano, Napa cabbage | Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal and 19 more |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Cucumber | Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa and 3 more |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Melon, achocha | London (Canada) |
| sow direct | Luffa | Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal and 17 more |
| sow direct | Okra | Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal and 13 more |
| sow direct | Moringa | Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa and 12 more |
Compared with June: new — spinach; no longer sown — radish, tomato, bell pepper, eggplant, Brussels sprouts and chili pepper.
Not starting in July: tomato (April, started indoors) and bell pepper (April, started indoors) — dates for Moncton.
Ready to harvest in July in Moncton, if sown in the right month: peas (May), lettuce (May), Swiss chard (May), beet (May), parsley (May), cilantro (May), arugula (June) and chamomile (May).
- Frost dates in Toronto
- Frost dates in Vancouver
- Frost dates in Montreal
- Frost dates in Calgary
- Frost dates in Ottawa
- Frost dates in Winnipeg
- Frost dates in Edmonton
- Frost dates in Quebec City
- Frost dates in Halifax
- Frost dates in Victoria
- Frost dates in Saskatoon
- Frost dates in Sherbrooke
- Frost dates in Trois-Rivières
- Frost dates in Saguenay
- Frost dates in London (Canada)
- Frost dates in Gatineau
- Frost dates in Kitchener
- Frost dates in Regina
- Frost dates in Thunder Bay
- Frost dates in Moncton
- Frost dates in Fredericton
- Frost dates in Charlottetown
- Frost dates in Yellowknife
Frost-free, highs of 16–22 °C: St. John's and Whitehorse
In July, on average, these cities have highs of 20 to 21 °C and lows of 10 to 13 °C, 58 to 98 mm of rain on 12 days; the day lasts 15 h 37 min to 18 h 20 min (on the 15th).
No frost in July in 10 years of data: frost-tender crops can go in too, if it is warm enough for them.
| How | What | Where |
|---|---|---|
| sow direct | Broad bean, peas, lettuce, radish, carrot, cabbage, broccoli, Swiss chard, beet, parsley, cilantro, arugula, chamomile, daikon, dill, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, parsnip | all |
| plant sets | Onion, shallot | all |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Spinach | Whitehorse |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Cauliflower | St. John's |
| sow direct | Chickpea | Whitehorse |
Compared with June: no longer sown — leek and Brussels sprouts.
Not starting in July: tomato (no month outdoors by these rules), bell pepper (no month outdoors by these rules), zucchini (no month outdoors by these rules) and green beans (no month outdoors by these rules) — dates for St. John's.
Ready to harvest in July in St. John's, if sown in the right month: peas (May), spinach (May), lettuce (May), radish (June), arugula (June), dill (June), mustard greens (June) and turnip (May).
Frost-free, highs of 10–16 °C: Iqaluit
In July, on average, Iqaluit has highs of 12 °C and lows of 5 °C, 75 mm of rain on 12 days; the day lasts 19 h 35 min (on the 15th).
No frost in July in 10 years of data: frost-tender crops can go in too, if it is warm enough for them.
| How | What | Where |
|---|---|---|
| sow direct | Broad bean, peas, spinach, radish, cabbage, broccoli, Swiss chard, beet, arugula, chamomile, daikon, dill, mustard greens, turnip | Iqaluit |
| plant sets | Onion | Iqaluit |
| start indoors, plant out in August | Kohlrabi | Iqaluit |
Compared with June: new — peas, onion, radish, cabbage, broccoli, daikon, dill, mustard greens and 1 more.
Not starting in July: tomato (no month outdoors by these rules), bell pepper (no month outdoors by these rules), zucchini (no month outdoors by these rules), green beans (no month outdoors by these rules) and lettuce (no month outdoors by these rules) — dates for Iqaluit.
How we work it out
For each city we use its average weather in July and the months after (highs, lows and rain for 2016–2025, ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo) and its average frost dates. A crop starts in July if the month's mean temperature reaches the minimum soil temperature for germination on its card (we use the mean air temperature as a stand-in for the soil's) and if, over its first months (up to three), the average highs stay within its group's range, with no frost for crops that cannot take it. Crops started indoors count from the month they are planted out.
Temperature groups from Colorado State University Extension: cool-season crops prefer 16–27 °C and lose quality in heat; hardy ones grow in days as cool as 4 °C, semi-hardy ones from 4–10 °C (we use 10 °C); warm-season crops need days above 13 °C, and the most tender (tomato, pepper, aubergine, melon, watermelon, squash) above 16 °C, up to 35 °C. Crops the guide does not name go into the stricter group by their frost hardiness. Broad beans, which the guide does not name, count as hardy: hardy varieties are sown in autumn and overwinter (RHS). Garlic and bulbs: a month before the first frost, and later only while the ground is not frozen (as on each city's page).
This is a general rule from averages: your garden can be a week or two earlier or later, and a greenhouse or a cold frame brings the season forward. Greenly works out the dates for your location.
- Moon planting calendar for July 2027
- What to plant in July: all climates
- Gardening in Canada: guide by region
