GreenlyMontreal: frost dates
Canada
In Montreal the last spring frost usually comes around 27 April and the first autumn frost around 1 November, which leaves about 188 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground around 21 May.
| Last spring frost | around 27 April |
|---|---|
| First autumn frost | around 1 November |
| Frost-free days | 188 days |
Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.
When to sow and plant
| Crop | Sow for seedlings | Plant out in a greenhouse | Open ground |
|---|---|---|---|
| Achocha | 4 March | 13 April | 4 May |
| Arugula | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Basil | 1 April | 9 May | 30 May |
| Beet | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Bell Pepper | 24 February | 9 May | 30 May |
| Black-eyed Susan | 3 March | — | 4 May |
| Bok Choy | 9 March | 13 April | 4 May |
| Broad bean | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Broccoli | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Brussels Sprouts | 30 January | 16 March | 6 April |
| Cabbage | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Calendula | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Carrot | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Cauliflower | 2 February | 16 March | 6 April |
| Celeriac | 26 January | 13 April | 4 May |
| Celery | 26 January | 13 April | 4 May |
| Celosia | 18 March | 2 May | 23 May |
| Chamomile | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Chayote | 22 January | 20 April | 11 May |
| Chickpea | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Chili Pepper | 3 March | 16 May | 6 June |
| China aster | 18 March | 9 May | 30 May |
| Chives | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Cilantro | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Corn | — | 20 April | sow 11 May |
| Cosmos | 18 March | 2 May | 23 May |
| Cucumber | 28 March | 9 May | 30 May |
| Daikon | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Delphinium | 6 February | — | 6 April |
| Dill | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Eggplant | 28 February | 9 May | 30 May |
| Florence fennel | 27 February | 13 April | 4 May |
| Garden sorrel | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Green Beans | 14 March | 20 April | 11 May |
| Hyssop | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Kale | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Kiwano | 29 March | 30 April | 21 May |
| Kohlrabi | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Leek | 5 January | 16 March | 6 April |
| Lemon balm | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Lettuce | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Lisianthus | 19 December | 16 March | 6 April |
| Lovage | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Luffa | 28 March | 9 May | 30 May |
| Marigold | 2 March | 13 April | 4 May |
| Melon | 18 March | 9 May | 30 May |
| Microgreens | — | 2 May | sow 23 May |
| Moringa | 22 March | 16 May | 6 June |
| Mustard greens | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Napa cabbage | 11 March | 13 April | 4 May |
| Nasturtium | 6 March | 13 April | 4 May |
| Okra | 28 March | 9 May | 30 May |
| Oregano | 15 January | 16 March | 6 April |
| Pansy | 19 January | 16 March | 6 April |
| Parsley | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Parsnip | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Peanut | 2 April | 9 May | 30 May |
| Peas | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Petunia | 7 March | 9 May | 30 May |
| Physalis | 16 March | 30 April | 21 May |
| Pumpkin | 24 March | 30 April | 21 May |
| Purple coneflower | 3 February | — | 6 April |
| Radish | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Sage | 26 January | 16 March | 6 April |
| Snapdragon | 10 January | 16 March | 6 April |
| Spinach | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Stevia | 12 March | 30 April | 21 May |
| Stock | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Sunflower | — | 2 May | sow 23 May |
| Sweet Corn | — | 20 April | sow 11 May |
| Sweet pea | 2 February | 16 March | 6 April |
| Sweet William | — | — | sow 6 April |
| Swiss Chard | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Thyme | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Tomato | 4 March | 30 April | 21 May |
| Turnip | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Watercress | — | 16 March | sow 6 April |
| Watermelon | 7 April | 9 May | 30 May |
| Zinnia | 11 April | 16 May | 6 June |
| Zucchini | 29 March | 30 April | 21 May |
Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day.
Montreal: weather for the next 7 days
Forecast by Open-Meteo. Nights at or below 0 °C are marked as frost.
Planted in autumn
| Crop | Plant around |
|---|---|
| Bearded Iris | 2 October |
| Crocus | 2 October |
| Daffodil | 2 October |
| Garlic | 2 October |
| Hyacinth | 2 October |
| Lily | 2 October |
| Peony | 2 October |
| Saffron | 2 October |
| Tulip | 2 October |
| Wild garlic | 2 October |
A month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter.