Greenly Garden

Last and first frost dates in Jefferson City

United States

In Jefferson City the last spring frost usually comes around 5 April and the first autumn frost around 4 November, which leaves about 213 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 23 April to 15 July.

Last spring frostaround 5 April
First autumn frostaround 4 November
Frost-free days213 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Jefferson City?

The last frost in Jefferson City usually comes around 5 April: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 15 March, while corn waits until 12 April. The first autumn frost follows around 4 November, about 213 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha10 February – 27 July22 March – 5 September12 April – 5 September
Ageratumfrom 5 February—from 23 April
Arugula——sow 15 March – 30 September
Basil13 March – 2 September20 April – 10 October11 May – 10 October
Beet——sow 15 March – 5 September
Bell Pepper19 February – 16 May20 April – 15 July11 May – 15 July
Black-eyed Susanfrom 19 January—from 12 April
Bok Choy15 February – 13 September22 March – 18 October12 April – 18 October
Borage——sow 12 April – 10 September
Broad bean——sow 15 March – 27 July
Broccoli——sow 15 March – 20 July
Brussels Sprouts8 January – 17 June22 February – 1 August15 March – 1 August
Busy Lizziefrom 18 January—from 12 April
Cabbage——sow 15 March – 27 June
Calendula——sow from 15 March
Carrot——sow 15 March – 12 August
Cauliflower11 January – 20 July22 February – 31 August15 March – 31 August
Celeriac4 January – 17 May22 March – 2 August12 April – 2 August
Celery4 January – 27 May22 March – 12 August12 April – 12 August
Celosiafrom 25 Februaryfrom 11 Aprilfrom 2 May
Chamomile——sow 15 March – 31 August
Chayote24 December – 10 May22 March – 6 August12 April – 6 August
Chickpea——sow 15 March – 17 July
Chicory28 January – 11 August—15 March – 5 September
Chili Pepper19 February – 22 June20 April – 21 August11 May – 21 August
China asterfrom 27 Februaryfrom 20 Aprilfrom 11 May
Chives——sow 15 March – 22 August
Cilantro——sow 15 March – 1 September
Corn——sow 12 April – 17 July
Corn poppy——sow from 15 March
Cosmosfrom 25 Februaryfrom 11 Aprilfrom 2 May
Cucumber23 March – 23 July20 April – 20 August11 May – 20 August
Daikon——sow 15 March – 29 August
Delphiniumfrom 25 December—from 15 March
Dill——sow 15 March – 11 September
Edging lobeliafrom 18 January—from 12 April
Eggplant19 February – 16 May20 April – 15 July11 May – 15 July
Florence fennel5 February – 27 July22 March – 10 September12 April – 10 September
Foxglovefrom 7 December—from 15 March
Garden sorrel——sow 15 March – 30 August
Green Beans——sow 2 May – 25 July
Hollyhock——sow from 15 March
Hyssop——sow 15 March – 23 July
Kale——sow 15 March – 24 August
Kiwano1 March – 30 July2 April – 31 August23 April – 31 August
Kohlrabi——sow 15 March – 3 September
Leek14 December – 8 May22 February – 17 July15 March – 17 July
Lemon balm——sow 15 March – 26 August
Lettuce——sow 15 March – 8 September
Lisianthusfrom 27 Novemberfrom 22 Februaryfrom 15 March
Lovage——sow from 15 March
Luffa9 March – 24 May20 April – 5 July11 May – 5 July
Marigoldfrom 8 Februaryfrom 22 Marchfrom 12 April
Marjoram19 February – 11 August—11 May – 10 October
Melon23 March – 10 July20 April – 7 August11 May – 7 August
Microgreens——sow 2 May – 21 October
Moringa6 March – 16 August30 April – 10 October21 May – 10 October
Moss rosefrom 25 January—from 12 April
Mustard greens——sow 15 March – 20 September
Napa cabbage17 February – 21 August22 March – 23 September12 April – 23 September
Nasturtiumfrom 12 Februaryfrom 22 Marchfrom 12 April
Okra9 March – 4 August20 April – 15 September11 May – 15 September
Oregano24 December – 1 August22 February – 30 September15 March – 30 September
Pansyfrom 28 Decemberfrom 22 Februaryfrom 15 March
Parsley——sow 15 March – 20 August
Parsnip——sow 15 March – 9 July
Peanut14 March – 30 June20 April – 6 August11 May – 6 August
Peas——sow 15 March – 22 August
Petuniafrom 16 Februaryfrom 20 Aprilfrom 11 May
Physalis16 February – 27 June2 April – 11 August23 April – 11 August
Pumpkin9 March – 29 May20 April – 10 July11 May – 10 July
Purple coneflowerfrom 22 December—from 15 March
Radish——sow 15 March – 5 October
Sage4 January – 28 July22 February – 15 September15 March – 15 September
Scarlet sagefrom 9 February—from 23 April
Snapdragonfrom 19 Decemberfrom 22 Februaryfrom 15 March
Soybean——sow 11 May – 16 August
Spinach——sow 15 March – 10 September
Stevia12 February – 18 June2 April – 6 August23 April – 6 August
Stock——sow from 15 March
Sunflower——sow from 2 May
Sweet alyssum——sow from 15 March
Sweet Corn28 February – 11 August22 March – 2 September12 April – 2 September
Sweet peafrom 11 Januaryfrom 22 Februaryfrom 15 March
Sweet William——sow from 15 March
Swiss Chard——sow 15 March – 5 September
Thyme——sow 15 March – 17 July
Tomato9 February – 24 May2 April – 15 July23 April – 15 July
Turnip——sow 15 March – 7 September
Watercress——sow 15 March – 18 September
Watermelon23 March – 28 June20 April – 26 July11 May – 26 July
Zinniafrom 26 Marchfrom 30 Aprilfrom 21 May
Zucchini30 March – 28 July20 April – 18 August11 May – 18 August

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Jefferson City

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 19 days before the last spring frost and 15 °C 18 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °C13 February51 days earlier
10 °C17 March19 days earlier
15 °C23 April18 days later
18 °C11 May36 days later

Frost dates near Jefferson City

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Joplin (30 March) and latest in Springfield (17 April).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
St. Louis172 km6 April4 November
Kansas City216 km7 April1 November
Springfield258 km17 April1 November
Joplin263 km30 March1 November
Topeka309 km9 April29 October

What to grow at home in winter in Jefferson City

Frosts in Jefferson City usually come from about 4 November to about 5 April. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Jefferson City by month

Average weather in Jefferson City over 2016–2025: the warmest month is July. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: May–October (21.4–31.9 °C). Months that average 30 °C or more by day: June (30.6 °C), July (31.9 °C) and August (30.6 °C). Nights average below 0 °C in January (-3.6 °C), February (-2 °C) and December (-0.3 °C). About 1103 mm of rain falls in a year, on 114 days; April is the wettest month (134 mm) and December the driest (45 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January5.6-3.6658
February9.4-2608
March15.3411712
April19.9813411
May24.51412414
June30.619.412211
July31.921.511111
August30.620.310010
September28.417.4667
October21.410.9959
November144.1647
December9.1-0.3456

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 5 October
Crocus5 October – end of December
Daffodil5 October – end of December
Garlic5 October – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 5 October
Helleboreby 5 October
Hyacinth5 October – end of December
Lilyby 5 October
Ornamental onionby 5 October
Peonyby 5 October
Saffronby 5 October
Snowdropby 5 October
Tulip5 October – end of December
Wild garlicby 5 October

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).