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Last and first frost dates in Springfield

United States

In Springfield the last spring frost usually comes around 17 April and the first autumn frost around 1 November, which leaves about 198 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 26 April to 12 July.

Last spring frostaround 17 April
First autumn frostaround 1 November
Frost-free days198 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Springfield?

The last frost in Springfield usually comes around 17 April: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 27 March, while corn waits until 24 April. The first autumn frost follows around 1 November, about 198 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha22 February – 24 July3 April – 2 September24 April – 2 September
Ageratumfrom 8 February—from 26 April
Arugula——sow 27 March – 27 September
Basil17 March – 30 August24 April – 7 October15 May – 7 October
Beet——sow 27 March – 2 September
Bell Pepper23 February – 13 May24 April – 12 July15 May – 12 July
Black-eyed Susanfrom 31 January—from 24 April
Bok Choy27 February – 10 September3 April – 15 October24 April – 15 October
Borage——sow 24 April – 7 September
Broad bean——sow 27 March – 24 July
Broccoli——sow 27 March – 17 July
Brussels Sprouts20 January – 14 June6 March – 29 July27 March – 29 July
Busy Lizziefrom 30 January—from 24 April
Cabbage——sow 27 March – 24 June
Calendula——sow from 27 March
Carrot——sow 27 March – 9 August
Cauliflower23 January – 17 July6 March – 28 August27 March – 28 August
Celeriac16 January – 14 May3 April – 30 July24 April – 30 July
Celery16 January – 24 May3 April – 9 August24 April – 9 August
Celosiafrom 26 Februaryfrom 12 Aprilfrom 3 May
Chamomile——sow 27 March – 28 August
Chayote5 January – 7 May3 April – 3 August24 April – 3 August
Chickpea——sow 27 March – 14 July
Chicory9 February – 8 August—27 March – 2 September
Chili Pepper23 February – 19 June24 April – 18 August15 May – 18 August
China asterfrom 3 Marchfrom 24 Aprilfrom 15 May
Chives——sow 27 March – 19 August
Cilantro——sow 27 March – 29 August
Corn——sow 24 April – 14 July
Corn poppy——sow from 27 March
Cosmosfrom 26 Februaryfrom 12 Aprilfrom 3 May
Cucumber27 March – 20 July24 April – 17 August15 May – 17 August
Daikon——sow 27 March – 26 August
Delphiniumfrom 6 January—from 27 March
Dill——sow 27 March – 8 September
Edging lobeliafrom 30 January—from 24 April
Eggplant23 February – 13 May24 April – 12 July15 May – 12 July
Florence fennel17 February – 24 July3 April – 7 September24 April – 7 September
Foxglovefrom 19 December—from 27 March
Garden sorrel——sow 27 March – 27 August
Green Beans——sow 3 May – 22 July
Hollyhock——sow from 27 March
Hyssop——sow 27 March – 20 July
Kale——sow 27 March – 21 August
Kiwano4 March – 27 July5 April – 28 August26 April – 28 August
Kohlrabi——sow 27 March – 31 August
Leek26 December – 5 May6 March – 14 July27 March – 14 July
Lemon balm——sow 27 March – 23 August
Lettuce——sow 27 March – 5 September
Lisianthusfrom 9 Decemberfrom 6 Marchfrom 27 March
Lovage——sow from 27 March
Luffa13 March – 21 May24 April – 2 July15 May – 2 July
Marigoldfrom 20 Februaryfrom 3 Aprilfrom 24 April
Marjoram23 February – 8 August—15 May – 7 October
Melon27 March – 7 July24 April – 4 August15 May – 4 August
Microgreens——sow 3 May – 18 October
Moringa5 March – 13 August29 April – 7 October20 May – 7 October
Moss rosefrom 6 February—from 24 April
Mustard greens——sow 27 March – 17 September
Napa cabbage1 March – 18 August3 April – 20 September24 April – 20 September
Nasturtiumfrom 24 Februaryfrom 3 Aprilfrom 24 April
Okra13 March – 1 August24 April – 12 September15 May – 12 September
Oregano5 January – 29 July6 March – 27 September27 March – 27 September
Pansyfrom 9 Januaryfrom 6 Marchfrom 27 March
Parsley——sow 27 March – 17 August
Parsnip——sow 27 March – 6 July
Peanut18 March – 27 June24 April – 3 August15 May – 3 August
Peas——sow 27 March – 19 August
Petuniafrom 20 Februaryfrom 24 Aprilfrom 15 May
Physalis19 February – 24 June5 April – 8 August26 April – 8 August
Pumpkin13 March – 26 May24 April – 7 July15 May – 7 July
Purple coneflowerfrom 3 January—from 27 March
Radish——sow 27 March – 2 October
Sage16 January – 25 July6 March – 12 September27 March – 12 September
Scarlet sagefrom 12 February—from 26 April
Snapdragonfrom 31 Decemberfrom 6 Marchfrom 27 March
Soybean——sow 15 May – 13 August
Spinach——sow 27 March – 7 September
Stevia15 February – 15 June5 April – 3 August26 April – 3 August
Stock——sow from 27 March
Sunflower——sow from 3 May
Sweet alyssum——sow from 27 March
Sweet Corn12 March – 8 August3 April – 30 August24 April – 30 August
Sweet peafrom 23 Januaryfrom 6 Marchfrom 27 March
Sweet William——sow from 27 March
Swiss Chard——sow 27 March – 2 September
Thyme——sow 27 March – 14 July
Tomato12 February – 21 May5 April – 12 July26 April – 12 July
Turnip——sow 27 March – 4 September
Watercress——sow 27 March – 15 September
Watermelon27 March – 25 June24 April – 23 July15 May – 23 July
Zinniafrom 25 Marchfrom 29 Aprilfrom 20 May
Zucchini3 April – 25 July24 April – 15 August15 May – 15 August

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Springfield

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 30 days before the last spring frost and 15 °C 9 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °C1 March47 days earlier
10 °C18 March30 days earlier
15 °C26 April9 days later
18 °C15 May28 days later

Frost dates near Springfield

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Evansville (2 April) and latest in Davenport (20 April).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Peoria99 km19 April31 October
St. Louis139 km6 April4 November
Davenport212 km20 April30 October
Jefferson City258 km5 April4 November
Evansville271 km2 April10 November

Seeds, seedlings and markets in Springfield

Within 15 km of Springfield OpenStreetMap lists 1 garden centre, 2 farm-supply shops and 1 market (collected 28 October 2026). The nearest garden centre to the city centre is Kreations, 7 km away.

  • Kreations — garden centre
    Chatham Road 3427, 62704 Springfield · Tue–Fri 11:00–18:00; Sat 11:00–17:00; Sun 11:00–15:00 · 7 km · gokigc.com
  • Brandt — farm supply
    Industrial Drive 6089, 62670 Curran · 12 km · brandt.co
  • Deo Gratias Food Market — market
    West Constitution Drive 2920, 62704 Springfield · Tue–Fri 10:00–19:00; Sat 10:30–20:30; Sun 13:00–19:00 · 8 km
  • WinField United — farm supply
    Industrial Drive 6100, 62670 Curran · 13 km · winfieldunited.com

Places: © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.

What to grow at home in winter in Springfield

Frosts in Springfield usually come from about 1 November to about 17 April. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Springfield by month

Average weather in Springfield over 2016–2025: the warmest month is July. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: May–September (23.8–29.8 °C). Nights average below 0 °C in January (-5.3 °C), February (-3.7 °C) and December (-2.1 °C). About 1012 mm of rain falls in a year, on 118 days; July is the wettest month (119 mm) and December the driest (55 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January3.1-5.3619
February6.7-3.7608
March12.82.410111
April186.811712
May23.813.211512
June29.318.78711
July29.820.511912
August28.519.38210
September26.616.5627
October19.79.98210
November11.62.6718
December6.5-2.1558

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 2 October
Crocus2 October – 22 December
Daffodil2 October – 22 December
Garlic2 October – 22 December
Grape hyacinthby 2 October
Helleboreby 2 October
Hyacinth2 October – 22 December
Lilyby 2 October
Ornamental onionby 2 October
Peonyby 2 October
Saffronby 2 October
Snowdropby 2 October
Tulip2 October – 22 December
Wild garlicby 2 October

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).