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Moscow: frost dates

Russia

In Moscow the last spring frost usually comes around 29 April and the first autumn frost around 14 October, which leaves about 168 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground around 22 May.

Last spring frostaround 29 April
First autumn frostaround 14 October
Frost-free days168 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha6 March15 April6 May
Arugula—18 Marchsow 8 April
Basil16 April24 May14 June
Beet—18 Marchsow 8 April
Bell Pepper11 March24 May14 June
Black-eyed Susan5 March—6 May
Bok Choy11 March15 April6 May
Broad bean—18 Marchsow 8 April
Broccoli—18 Marchsow 8 April
Brussels Sprouts1 February18 March8 April
Cabbage—18 Marchsow 8 April
Calendula—18 Marchsow 8 April
Carrot——sow 8 April
Cauliflower4 February18 March8 April
Celeriac28 January15 April6 May
Celery28 January15 April6 May
Celosia23 March7 May28 May
Chamomile—18 Marchsow 8 April
Chayote20 January18 April9 May
Chickpea——sow 8 April
Chili Pepper18 March31 May21 June
China aster2 April24 May14 June
Chives——sow 8 April
Cilantro—18 Marchsow 8 April
Corn—18 Aprilsow 9 May
Cosmos23 March7 May28 May
Cucumber12 April24 May14 June
Daikon—18 Marchsow 8 April
Delphinium8 February—8 April
Dill—18 Marchsow 8 April
Eggplant15 March24 May14 June
Florence fennel1 March15 April6 May
Garden sorrel—18 Marchsow 8 April
Green Beans12 March18 April9 May
Hyssop——sow 8 April
Kale—18 Marchsow 8 April
Kiwano30 March1 May22 May
Kohlrabi—18 Marchsow 8 April
Leek7 January18 March8 April
Lemon balm—18 Marchsow 8 April
Lettuce—18 Marchsow 8 April
Lisianthus21 December18 March8 April
Lovage——sow 8 April
Luffa12 April24 May14 June
Marigold4 March15 April6 May
Melon2 April24 May14 June
Microgreens—7 Maysow 28 May
Moringa6 April31 May21 June
Mustard greens—18 Marchsow 8 April
Napa cabbage13 March15 April6 May
Nasturtium8 March15 April6 May
Okra12 April24 May14 June
Oregano17 January18 March8 April
Pansy21 January18 March8 April
Parsley—18 Marchsow 8 April
Parsnip——sow 8 April
Peanut17 April24 May14 June
Peas—18 Marchsow 8 April
Petunia22 March24 May14 June
Physalis17 March1 May22 May
Pumpkin25 March1 May22 May
Purple coneflower5 February—8 April
Radish——sow 8 April
Sage28 January18 March8 April
Snapdragon12 January18 March8 April
Spinach—18 Marchsow 8 April
Stevia13 March1 May22 May
Stock—18 Marchsow 8 April
Sunflower—7 Maysow 28 May
Sweet Corn—18 Aprilsow 9 May
Sweet pea4 February18 March8 April
Sweet William——sow 8 April
Swiss Chard—18 Marchsow 8 April
Thyme—18 Marchsow 8 April
Tomato5 March1 May22 May
Turnip—18 Marchsow 8 April
Watercress—18 Marchsow 8 April
Watermelon22 April24 May14 June
Zinnia26 April31 May21 June
Zucchini30 March1 May22 May

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day.

Weather in Moscow by month

Average weather in Moscow over 2016–2025: the warmest month is July, the wettest July.

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January-4.3-9.34513
February-3-8.7358
March2.7-5.5379
April11.41.44910
May17.47.16211
June22.312.27012
July24.114.99014
August23.113.5649
September178.8449
October9.43.56012
November2.1-1.95411
December-2.1-6.35414

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropPlant around
Bearded Iris14 September
Crocus14 September
Daffodil14 September
Garlic14 September
Hyacinth14 September
Lily14 September
Peony14 September
Saffron14 September
Tulip14 September
Wild garlic14 September

A month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter.

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