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Rome: frost dates

Italy

In Rome the last spring frost usually comes around 27 January and the first autumn frost around 10 December, which leaves about 317 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground around 14 April.

Last spring frostaround 27 January
First autumn frostaround 10 December
Frost-free days317 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha5 December14 January4 February
Arugula—16 Decembersow 6 January
Basil22 March29 April20 May
Beet—16 Decembersow 6 January
Bell Pepper14 February29 April20 May
Black-eyed Susan4 December—4 February
Bok Choy10 December14 January4 February
Broad bean—16 Decembersow 6 January
Broccoli—16 Decembersow 6 January
Brussels Sprouts1 November16 December6 January
Cabbage—16 Decembersow 6 January
Calendula—16 Decembersow 6 January
Carrot——sow 6 January
Cauliflower4 November16 December6 January
Celeriac29 October14 January4 February
Celery29 October14 January4 February
Celosia15 February1 April22 April
Chamomile—16 Decembersow 6 January
Chayote1 December27 February20 March
Chickpea——sow 6 January
Chili Pepper21 February6 May27 May
China aster8 March29 April20 May
Chives——sow 6 January
Cilantro—16 Decembersow 6 January
Corn—27 Februarysow 20 March
Cosmos15 February1 April22 April
Cucumber18 March29 April20 May
Daikon—16 Decembersow 6 January
Delphinium8 November—6 January
Dill—16 Decembersow 6 January
Eggplant18 February29 April20 May
Florence fennel30 November14 January4 February
Garden sorrel—16 Decembersow 6 January
Green Beans21 January27 February20 March
Hyssop——sow 6 January
Kale—16 Decembersow 6 January
Kiwano20 February24 March14 April
Kohlrabi—16 Decembersow 6 January
Leek7 October16 December6 January
Lemon balm—16 Decembersow 6 January
Lettuce—16 Decembersow 6 January
Lisianthus20 September16 December6 January
Lovage——sow 6 January
Luffa18 March29 April20 May
Marigold3 December14 January4 February
Melon8 March29 April20 May
Microgreens—1 Aprilsow 22 April
Moringa12 March6 May27 May
Mustard greens—16 Decembersow 6 January
Napa cabbage12 December14 January4 February
Nasturtium7 December14 January4 February
Okra18 March29 April20 May
Oregano17 October16 December6 January
Pansy21 October16 December6 January
Parsley—16 Decembersow 6 January
Parsnip——sow 6 January
Peanut23 March29 April20 May
Peas—16 Decembersow 6 January
Petunia25 February29 April20 May
Physalis7 February24 March14 April
Pumpkin15 February24 March14 April
Purple coneflower5 November—6 January
Radish——sow 6 January
Sage28 October16 December6 January
Snapdragon12 October16 December6 January
Spinach—16 Decembersow 6 January
Stevia3 February24 March14 April
Stock—16 Decembersow 6 January
Sunflower—1 Aprilsow 22 April
Sweet Corn—27 Februarysow 20 March
Sweet pea4 November16 December6 January
Sweet William——sow 6 January
Swiss Chard—16 Decembersow 6 January
Thyme—16 Decembersow 6 January
Tomato26 January24 March14 April
Turnip—16 Decembersow 6 January
Watercress—16 Decembersow 6 January
Watermelon28 March29 April20 May
Zinnia1 April6 May27 May
Zucchini20 February24 March14 April

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day.

Planted in autumn

CropPlant around
Bearded Iris10 November
Crocus10 November
Daffodil10 November
Garlic10 November
Hyacinth10 November
Lily10 November
Peony10 November
Saffron10 November
Tulip10 November
Wild garlic10 November

A month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter.

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