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Last and first frost dates in Makhachkala

Russia

In Makhachkala the last spring frost usually comes around 5 March and the first autumn frost around 10 December, which leaves about 280 frost-free days (median of 2016–2025). Tomato seedlings can go into open ground from 25 April to 20 August.

Last spring frostaround 5 March
First autumn frostaround 10 December
Frost-free days280 days

Median of 2016–2025 for the 25 km grid cell of the city: the last day at or below 0 °C in spring and the first in autumn (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo). In a cold year a frost can come a week or two later — Greenly warns 48 hours ahead.

When is the last frost in Makhachkala?

The last frost in Makhachkala usually comes around 5 March: that is the median of 2016–2025, so in about half of those years the last night at or below 0 °C came later. Hardy crops start before it and frost-tender ones only after it: in the table below arugula can go into open ground from 12 February, while corn waits until 6 April. The first autumn frost follows around 10 December, about 280 days later: harvest or cover frost-tender crops before then.

When to sow and plant

CropSow for seedlingsPlant out in a greenhouseOpen ground
Achocha23 January – 1 September4 March – 11 October25 March – 11 October
Ageratumfrom 7 February—from 25 April
Arugula——sow 12 February – 5 November
Basil11 March – 8 October18 April – 15 November9 May – 15 November
Beet——sow 12 February – 11 October
Bell Pepper17 February – 21 June18 April – 20 August9 May – 20 August
Black-eyed Susanfrom 1 January—from 25 March
Bok Choy28 January – 19 October4 March – 23 November25 March – 23 November
Borage——sow 12 March – 16 October
Broad bean——sow 12 February – 1 September
Broccoli——sow 12 February – 25 August
Brussels Sprouts8 December – 23 July22 January – 6 September12 February – 6 September
Busy Lizziefrom 18 December—from 12 March
Cabbage——sow 12 February – 2 August
Calendula——sow from 12 February
Carrot——sow 12 February – 17 September
Cauliflower11 December – 25 August22 January – 6 October12 February – 6 October
Celeriac17 December – 22 June4 March – 7 September25 March – 7 September
Celery17 December – 2 July4 March – 17 September25 March – 17 September
Celosiafrom 20 Februaryfrom 6 Aprilfrom 27 April
Chamomile——sow 12 February – 6 October
Chayote18 December – 15 June16 March – 11 September6 April – 11 September
Chickpea——sow 12 February – 22 August
Chicory28 December – 16 September—12 February – 11 October
Chili Pepper17 February – 28 July18 April – 26 September9 May – 26 September
China asterfrom 25 Februaryfrom 18 Aprilfrom 9 May
Chives——sow 12 February – 27 September
Cilantro——sow 12 February – 7 October
Corn——sow 6 April – 22 August
Corn poppy——sow from 12 February
Cosmosfrom 20 Februaryfrom 6 Aprilfrom 27 April
Cucumber21 March – 28 August18 April – 25 September9 May – 25 September
Daikon——sow 12 February – 4 October
Delphiniumfrom 24 November—from 12 February
Dill——sow 12 February – 17 October
Edging lobeliafrom 31 December—from 25 March
Eggplant17 February – 21 June18 April – 20 August9 May – 20 August
Florence fennel18 January – 1 September4 March – 16 October25 March – 16 October
Foxglovefrom 6 November—from 12 February
Garden sorrel——sow 12 February – 5 October
Green Beans——sow 27 April – 30 August
Hollyhock——sow from 12 February
Hyssop——sow 12 February – 28 August
Kale——sow 12 February – 29 September
Kiwano3 March – 4 September4 April – 6 October25 April – 6 October
Kohlrabi——sow 12 February – 9 October
Leek13 November – 13 June22 January – 22 August12 February – 22 August
Lemon balm——sow 12 February – 1 October
Lettuce——sow 12 February – 14 October
Lisianthusfrom 27 Octoberfrom 22 Januaryfrom 12 February
Lovage——sow from 12 February
Luffa7 March – 29 June18 April – 10 August9 May – 10 August
Marigoldfrom 21 Januaryfrom 4 Marchfrom 25 March
Marjoram17 February – 16 September—9 May – 15 November
Melon21 March – 15 August18 April – 12 September9 May – 12 September
Microgreens——sow 27 April – 26 November
Moringa6 March – 21 September30 April – 15 November21 May – 15 November
Moss rosefrom 25 December—from 12 March
Mustard greens——sow 12 February – 26 October
Napa cabbage30 January – 26 September4 March – 29 October25 March – 29 October
Nasturtiumfrom 25 Januaryfrom 4 Marchfrom 25 March
Okra7 March – 9 September18 April – 21 October9 May – 21 October
Oregano23 November – 6 September22 January – 5 November12 February – 5 November
Pansyfrom 27 Novemberfrom 22 Januaryfrom 12 February
Parsley——sow 12 February – 25 September
Parsnip——sow 12 February – 14 August
Peanut12 March – 5 August18 April – 11 September9 May – 11 September
Peas——sow 12 February – 27 September
Petuniafrom 14 Februaryfrom 18 Aprilfrom 9 May
Physalis18 February – 2 August4 April – 16 September25 April – 16 September
Pumpkin7 March – 4 July18 April – 15 August9 May – 15 August
Purple coneflowerfrom 21 November—from 12 February
Radish——sow 12 February – 10 November
Sage4 December – 2 September22 January – 21 October12 February – 21 October
Scarlet sagefrom 11 February—from 25 April
Snapdragonfrom 18 Novemberfrom 22 Januaryfrom 12 February
Soybean——sow 9 May – 21 September
Spinach——sow 12 February – 16 October
Stevia14 February – 24 July4 April – 11 September25 April – 11 September
Stock——sow from 12 February
Sunflower——sow from 27 April
Sweet alyssum——sow from 12 February
Sweet Corn27 February – 16 September21 March – 8 October11 April – 8 October
Sweet peafrom 11 Decemberfrom 22 Januaryfrom 12 February
Sweet William——sow from 12 February
Swiss Chard——sow 12 February – 11 October
Thyme——sow 12 February – 22 August
Tomato11 February – 29 June4 April – 20 August25 April – 20 August
Turnip——sow 12 February – 13 October
Watercress——sow 12 February – 24 October
Watermelon21 March – 3 August18 April – 31 August9 May – 31 August
Zinniafrom 26 Marchfrom 30 Aprilfrom 21 May
Zucchini28 March – 2 September18 April – 23 September9 May – 23 September

Planting out: a week after the last frost once the soil is warm enough for the crop; frost-hardy crops three weeks before it; an unheated greenhouse three weeks earlier. Seedlings are sown so they are ready on that day. Each window starts on the Greenly calendar date and ends on the last day that still leaves the crop’s days to harvest (from its card) before the average first autumn frost, plus six weeks of picking for crops harvested over weeks (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, pumpkins, watermelons, beans) — our rule; earlier in the window is safer.

When the soil warms up in Makhachkala

The day the top 7 cm of soil first averages each temperature over a week, median of 2016–2025 (ERA5 via Open-Meteo). The soil reaches 10 °C 20 days after the last spring frost and 15 °C 51 days after it.

SoilDateAgainst the last spring frost
5 °C10 January54 days earlier
10 °C25 March20 days later
15 °C25 April51 days later
18 °C9 May65 days later

Frost dates near Makhachkala

Of the nearest cities on our list, the last spring frost ends earliest in Mingachevir (23 February) and latest in Vladikavkaz (27 April).

CityDistanceLast spring frostFirst autumn frost
Grozny151 km28 March12 November
Shaki201 km25 April1 November
Vladikavkaz230 km27 April22 October
Mingachevir250 km23 February22 December
Rustavi261 km30 March21 November

Seeds, seedlings and markets in Makhachkala

Within 15 km of Makhachkala OpenStreetMap lists 3 garden centres and 8 markets (collected 27 October 2026). The nearest garden centre to the city centre is ШАНТЕЛЬ, 2 km away.

Places: © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.

What to grow at home in winter in Makhachkala

Frosts in Makhachkala usually come from about 10 December to about 5 March. These plants have indoor care in their Greenly cards and are harvested quickly, so they can be sown on a windowsill in winter.

Weather in Makhachkala by month

Average weather in Makhachkala over 2016–2025: the warmest month is July. Months that average 20 °C or more by day: May–September (21.4–29.7 °C). No month averages below 0 °C at night; the coldest nights, in February, average 0.7 °C. About 471 mm of rain falls in a year, on 84 days; October is the wettest month (58 mm) and August the driest (23 mm).

MonthDay, °CNight, °CRain, mmRainy days
January6.11267
February6.40.7317
March10.14.5388
April16.19.7326
May21.414.8468
June27.220.2337
July29.722.9365
August29.522.7234
September2418.3527
October18.112.6588
November12.27.1538
December7.73.1439

Average of the daily highs and lows, rain per month and days with at least 1 mm (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, the same grid cell as the frost dates).

Planted in autumn

CropWhen to plant
Bearded Irisby 10 November
Crocus10 November – end of December
Daffodil10 November – end of December
Garlic10 November – end of December
Grape hyacinthby 10 November
Helleboreby 10 November
Hyacinth10 November – end of December
Lilyby 10 November
Ornamental onionby 10 November
Peonyby 10 November
Saffronby 10 November
Snowdropby 10 November
Tulip10 November – end of December
Wild garlicby 10 November

From a month before the first autumn frost, so the roots grow before winter, to the late-planting limit on each crop’s page (about two weeks before the ground freezes, by ten years of weather).